Grün Pascal, Meier Marius, Anderl Alexander, Kleber Christoph, Turhani Flora, Schiepek Tim, Islam S M Ragib Shahriar, Fitzek Sebastian, Bandura Patrick, Turhani Dritan
Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Aug 20;15(16):2089. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15162089.
: Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is commonly used to increase posterior maxillary bone volume prior to implant placement. Although generally successful, late complications can impact long-term outcomes. The purpose of the study was to estimate the incidence and timing of atypical late complications following (MSFA) using bovine xenohybrid bone grafts. The study also aimed to evaluate whether preoperative bone volume is associated with the risk of complications. : This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria, and included patients who underwent MSFA with bovine xenohybrid bone grafts and either simultaneous or staged implant placement between January 2020 and December 2023. Preoperative bone volume of the posterior maxilla measured via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the planned implant insertion position. The primary endpoint was the time (days) from MSFA to the occurrence of a graft-related complication (defined as atypical if occurring more than 6 months after MSFA and not related to peri-implantitis) The covariates included subjects' age, sex, the quantity of graft used for MSFA, timing of dental implant insertion (simultaneous vs. staged) and implant dimensions. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate time-to-event data. Only one graft site per patient was analyzed. : Atypical complications occurred in 9 out of 47 patients (19.1%), with an average time to onset of 645 days. In a multivariable analysis, a lower preoperative bone volume was found to be an independent predictor of an increased risk of complications (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.925-1.021; = 0.252). However, the quantity of graft used for MSFA was not found to be a predictor ( = 0.46). : Within the limitations of a retrospective study, reduced native bone volume appears to increase the risk of atypical late complications following MSFA with bovine xenohybrid grafts. This makes closer clinical and radiologic follow-up of patients over a longer period very necessary.
上颌窦底提升术（MSFA）常用于在种植体植入前增加上颌后牙区骨量。尽管该手术总体上较为成功，但晚期并发症可能会影响长期效果。本研究的目的是评估使用牛异种杂交骨移植进行上颌窦底提升术后非典型晚期并发症的发生率和发生时间。该研究还旨在评估术前骨量是否与并发症风险相关。
这项回顾性队列研究在奥地利克雷姆斯 - 施泰因多瑙河私立大学口腔颌面外科中心进行，纳入了2020年1月至2023年12月期间接受牛异种杂交骨移植上颌窦底提升术并同期或分期植入种植体的患者。通过锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）在计划种植体植入位置测量上颌后牙区术前骨量。主要终点是从上颌窦底提升术到发生与移植相关并发症的时间（天数）（如果在MSFA后超过6个月发生且与种植体周围炎无关，则定义为非典型并发症）。协变量包括受试者的年龄、性别、用于上颌窦底提升术的移植骨量、牙种植体植入时间（同期与分期）和种植体尺寸。采用Kaplan - Meier分析和Cox比例风险回归来评估事件发生时间数据。每位患者仅分析一个移植部位。
47例患者中有9例（19.1%）发生非典型并发症，平均发病时间为645天。在多变量分析中，术前骨量较低被发现是并发症风险增加的独立预测因素（风险比[HR]：0.972；95%置信区间[CI]：0.925 - 1.021；P = 0.252）。然而，用于上颌窦底提升术的移植骨量未被发现是一个预测因素（P = 0.46）。
在回顾性研究的局限性内，天然骨量减少似乎会增加使用牛异种杂交移植进行上颌窦底提升术后非典型晚期并发症的风险。这使得对患者进行更长时间的密切临床和影像学随访非常必要。
