Kourti Maria, Evangelidis Paschalis, Roilides Emmanuel, Iosifidis Elias
Children & Adolescent Hematology-Oncology Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 5;14(8):774. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080774.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell hematological malignancies. There is emerging evidence that CAR-engineered cells-not only T cells, but also natural killers and macrophages-might have a crucial role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders and solid tumors. Moreover, given the burden of chronic infectious diseases, the mortality and morbidity of infections in immunocompromised individuals, and the development of multidrug-resistant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria, a need for novel and personalized therapeutics in this field is emerging. To this end, the development of CAR cells for the management of chronic infections has been reported. In this literature review, we summarize the ongoing clinical and pre-clinical data about CAR cell products in the field of infectious diseases. Currently, clinical studies on CAR immunotherapy for infections mainly concern human immunodeficiency virus infection treatment, and data regarding other infections largely originate from preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. In the era of personalized medicine, effective and safe therapies for the management of chronic infections and infectious complications in immunocompromised patients are crucial.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T免疫疗法彻底改变了复发/难治性B细胞血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的治疗方式。越来越多的证据表明，经过CAR改造的细胞——不仅包括T细胞，还有自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞——可能在自身免疫性疾病和实体瘤的治疗中发挥关键作用。此外，鉴于慢性传染病的负担、免疫功能低下个体感染的死亡率和发病率，以及包括细菌、真菌和分枝杆菌在内的多重耐药病原体的出现，该领域对新型个性化疗法的需求正在显现。为此，已有关于开发用于治疗慢性感染的CAR细胞的报道。在这篇文献综述中，我们总结了传染病领域中关于CAR细胞产品的现有临床和临床前数据。目前，CAR免疫疗法治疗感染性疾病的临床研究主要集中在人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的治疗，而关于其他感染的数据大多来自临床前的体外和体内模型。在个性化医疗时代，针对免疫功能低下患者的慢性感染和感染性并发症进行有效且安全的治疗至关重要。
