Woźniak Aleksandra, Cybulski Piotr, Ryt-Hansen Pia, Larsen Lars Erik, Biernacka Kinga, Miłek Dagmara, Stadejek Tomasz
Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Goodvalley Agro S.A., Dworcowa 25, 77-320 Przechlewo, Poland.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 14;14(8):808. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080808.
The diagnosis of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) has to involve laboratory detection, as the clinical signs are not pathognomonic. Nasal swabs (NSs) have been the preferred sample material for swIAV PCR diagnostics, but oral fluid (OF) is a convenient alternative material. In this study, NSs and OFs from 35 Polish swine herds were collected and tested with real-time RT-PCR in order to assess swIAV circulation patterns in Poland and improve protocols for efficient, non-invasive and cost-effective swIAV surveillance in pig farms. The study showed that the swIAV RNA was detected in 65.7% of the tested farms. In total, 21.2% of NS pools and 48.6% of OF samples were positive for swIAV. The Ct values in NS pools and OFs were similar ( > 0.05), but a significant reduction ( < 0.05) in swIAV prevalence in NSs was observed in nursery pigs from farms applying swIAV vaccinations. Successful subtyping was achieved more effectively with OFs compared to NSs, and the H1avN2 was most prevalent subtype detected. The results emphasized that OF can be useful for monitoring swIAV and subtyping. However, OFs cannot replace NSs, which were more useful in the assessment of the effect of swIAV vaccinations in nursery pigs.
甲型猪流感病毒（swIAV）的诊断必须涉及实验室检测，因为其临床症状并无特异性。鼻拭子（NSs）一直是swIAV PCR诊断的首选样本材料，但口腔液体（OF）是一种方便的替代材料。在本研究中，收集了来自35个波兰猪群的鼻拭子和口腔液体，并通过实时RT-PCR进行检测，以评估波兰swIAV的流行模式，并改进猪场高效、无创且经济高效的swIAV监测方案。研究表明，在65.7%的受测猪场中检测到了swIAV RNA。总体而言，21.2%的鼻拭子混合样本和48.6%的口腔液体样本swIAV呈阳性。鼻拭子混合样本和口腔液体中的Ct值相似（>0.05），但在采用swIAV疫苗接种的猪场中，保育猪的鼻拭子中swIAV流行率显著降低（<0.05）。与鼻拭子相比，口腔液体更有效地实现了成功的亚型分型，检测到的最常见亚型是H1avN2。结果强调，口腔液体可用于监测swIAV和亚型分型。然而，口腔液体不能替代鼻拭子，鼻拭子在评估保育猪swIAV疫苗接种效果方面更有用。
