HPV E6/E7 mRNA Testing in the Follow-Up of HPV-Vaccinated Patients After Treatment for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Following up on treated high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL/CIN) lesions poses a challenge. Cervical cytology often has a high false-negative rate, while high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA testing, though sensitive, lacks specificity. The detection of messenger RNA of the HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins (E6/E7 mRNA) is proposed as an indicator of viral integration, which is crucial for identifying severe lesions. Additionally, HPV vaccination could reduce recurrence rates in patients treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Our study aimed to assess the clinical utility of E6/E7 mRNA determination in the follow-up of HPV-immunized patients who were treated for HSIL/CIN. We conducted a retrospective observational study including 407 patients treated for HSIL/CIN. The recurrence rate and the validity parameters of E6/E7 mRNA testing were analyzed. The recurrence rate for high-grade lesions was 1.7%. This low percentage might be related to the vaccination of patients who were not immunized before treatment. The sensitivity of the E6/E7 mRNA test was 88% at the first clinical visit, reaching 100% in the second and third reviews. Specificity was 91% at the first visit, 92% at the second, and 85% at the third. Regarding predictive values, the positive predictive value was 18% at the first visit, 10% at the second, and 14% at the third, while the negative predictive value was 100% across all follow-up visits. The E6/E7 mRNA test appears to be an effective tool for ruling out recurrence after treatment for HSIL/CIN lesions in HPV-immunized patients.