Rafiya Km, Alam Shahzad, Nadaf Arif, Hasan Nazeer, Ahmad Farhan Jalees
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
Biomater Adv. 2026 Jan;178:214471. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214471. Epub 2025 Aug 23.
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases for targeted drug delivery despite the advancements in conventional as well as cutting-edge treatments. In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the field of nanomedicine, offering novel strategies, holding the potential to transform healthcare by enhancing bioavailability, efficacy and safety. Notably, the targeting ability of these nanotherapeutic drug delivery systems has been refined by tailoring nanoscale properties and modified surface features, furnishing an alternative approach to tumour-targeted therapy. However, current nanocarrier systems still suffer from unexpected off-target effects, immune clearance, and limited penetration into several biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier and tumour microenvironment. To address these barriers, the biomimicking approach has come into existence, especially nanoparticles cloaked within the biological cell membranes, which mimic the natural cell function, enabling enhanced circulation half-life, more efficient interaction with the tumour microenvironment and immune evasion. Besides such vast advantages, these biomimicking nanoparticles face ongoing challenges including manufacturing scalability, potential immunogenicity and regulatory clearance for bench to bedside use. This review discusses the recent advancements and limitations of the biomimicking nanocarriers-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, especially focused on the cell membrane-coated nanocarriers, covering their types, fabrication methods, sources, and present challenges and their applications in cancer treatments. Overall, the current review offers a roadmap for future research in biomimicking nanoparticles and their clinical implementation.
尽管传统治疗和前沿治疗都取得了进展，但癌症仍然是靶向药物递送最具挑战性的疾病之一。近年来，纳米医学领域取得了快速进展，提供了新的策略，有望通过提高生物利用度、疗效和安全性来改变医疗保健。值得注意的是，这些纳米治疗药物递送系统的靶向能力通过调整纳米级特性和修饰表面特征得到了优化，为肿瘤靶向治疗提供了一种替代方法。然而，目前的纳米载体系统仍然存在意外的脱靶效应、免疫清除以及穿透包括血脑屏障和肿瘤微环境在内的多种生物屏障的能力有限等问题。为了解决这些障碍，仿生方法应运而生，特别是包裹在生物细胞膜内的纳米颗粒，它们模仿天然细胞功能，能够延长循环半衰期，更有效地与肿瘤微环境相互作用并实现免疫逃逸。除了这些巨大优势外，这些仿生纳米颗粒还面临着持续的挑战，包括制造可扩展性、潜在的免疫原性以及从实验室到临床应用的监管审批。本文综述了基于仿生纳米载体的癌症治疗药物递送系统的最新进展和局限性，特别关注细胞膜包被的纳米载体，涵盖其类型、制备方法、来源、当前面临的挑战以及它们在癌症治疗中的应用。总体而言，本综述为仿生纳米颗粒的未来研究及其临床应用提供了路线图。
