Etemadi Ardavan, Fathizadeh Parham, Chiniforush Nasim
Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Danshjoo BLVD, Velenjak, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 28;15(1):31731. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17466-4.
This study assessed the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with different laser wavelengths on the viability and differentiation of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs) exposed to zoledronic acid (ZA). In this in vitro study, PDLMSCs were cultured with 5 µM ZA for 48 h and randomly assigned to 6 groups of positive and negative controls, and PBMT with 635 nm (2 and 4 J/cm) and 980 nm (2 and 4 J/cm) lasers. Cell viability was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay after 24 and 72 h, and mineralized nodule formation was evaluated by Alizarin red staining. Mineralization was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression analysis of osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and RUNX2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). ZA exposure in no-irradiation group decreased viability, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic genes (P < 0.05). Cell viability in 980 nm (4 J/cm) group at 24 h and in 635 nm (4 J/cm) and 980 nm (2 and 4 J/cm) groups at 72 h was significantly higher than that in ZA group (P < 0.05). Mineralized nodule formation in both 980 nm groups was significantly higher than that in ZA group (P < 0.001). PBMT with 635 nm laser caused significant downregulation of OCN and OPN with 4 J/cm and upregulation of OPN with 2 J/cm (P < 0.05) energy density. PBMT with 980 nm laser (2 and 4 J/cm) caused significant upregulation of OCN, OPN, and RUNX2 (P < 0.05). PBMT with 980 nm laser (4 J/cm) in presence of ZA increased PDLMSC viability, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic genes.
本研究评估了不同激光波长的光生物调节疗法（PBMT）对暴露于唑来膦酸（ZA）的牙周膜间充质干细胞（PDLMSCs）活力和分化的影响。在这项体外研究中，将PDLMSCs与5µM ZA培养48小时，然后随机分为6组，包括阳性和阴性对照组，以及用635nm（2和4J/cm）和980nm（2和4J/cm）激光进行的PBMT组。在24小时和72小时后，通过甲基噻唑基四氮唑（MTT）法评估细胞活力，通过茜素红染色评估矿化结节形成。通过碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性以及通过实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）对骨钙素（OCN）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）和RUNX2的表达分析来评估矿化情况。数据通过单因素方差分析和Tukey检验进行分析（α = 0.05）。未照射组中ZA暴露降低了细胞活力、ALP活性、矿化结节形成以及成骨基因的表达（P < 0.05）。980nm（4J/cm）组在24小时时以及635nm（4J/cm）和980nm（2和4J/cm）组在72小时时的细胞活力显著高于ZA组（P < 0.05）。两个980nm组的矿化结节形成均显著高于ZA组（P < 0.001）。635nm激光进行的PBMT在能量密度为4J/cm时导致OCN和OPN显著下调，在2J/cm时导致OPN上调（P < 0.05）。980nm激光（2和4J/cm）进行的PBMT导致OCN、OPN和RUNX2显著上调（P < 0.05）。在存在ZA的情况下，980nm激光（4J/cm）进行的PBMT增加了PDLMSC的活力、ALP活性、矿化结节形成以及成骨基因的表达。
