Mohammady Mahdiyeh Noor, Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran, Khazaee-Pool Maryam, Naghibi Seyed Abolhassan, Yazdani Fereshteh, Kordasiabi Mosharafeh Chaleshgar, Ponnet Koen
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2025 Aug 29. doi: 10.1007/s10578-025-01911-6.
As ethnic diversity increases in schools, it"s vital to understand the dynamics of ethnic violence, which can negatively impact student well-being and academic achievement. Addressing the issue requires recognizing the complexities of ethnic diversity, promoting inclusivity, and implementing targeted interventions to prevent and mitigate violence. This systematic review focuses on understanding the multiple levels of factors that contribute to ethnic violence among adolescents within school settings. This is a systematic review of articles published between 1990 and the end of 2023 using the keywords race/ethnic minority, adolescent, ethnic and racial minorities, school, and violence in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. And the main entry criteria were articles that dealt with the issue of ethnic violence, and their target population was teenagers of different ethnicities who were studying in educational environments. We identified key determinants at the student, classroom, and school levels. At the student level, immigrant status, gender, and academic performance were significant factors, with immigrants and first-generation boys more involved in violence. Classroom-level factors included the ethnic composition of the classroom, where increased diversity sometimes exacerbated tensions. At the school level, school size, security measures, and the presence of gangs influenced the prevalence of ethnic violence. The consequences of ethnic violence are profound, resulting in physical harm, psychological harm, reduced academic achievement, and long-term health problems. This violence also undermines social cohesion and economic development by perpetuating cycles of fear, mistrust, and social isolation. This review shows that ethnic violence in schools is shaped by a range of student-, classroom-, and school-level factors. In particular, immigrant generation, low SES, classroom diversity without integration, and school-level prejudice or gang presence are pivotal drivers. Multilevel interventions are required to support first-generation adolescents, manage classroom diversity, and implement anti-gang school policies.
随着学校中种族多样性的增加，了解种族暴力的动态至关重要，因为这会对学生的幸福感和学业成绩产生负面影响。解决这一问题需要认识到种族多样性的复杂性，促进包容性，并实施有针对性的干预措施来预防和减轻暴力。本系统综述着重于理解在学校环境中导致青少年种族暴力的多层次因素。这是一项对1990年至2023年底发表的文章进行的系统综述，使用种族/少数族裔、青少年、少数族裔和种族、学校以及暴力等关键词在PubMed、Scopus和科学网数据库中进行检索。主要入选标准是涉及种族暴力问题的文章，其目标人群是在教育环境中学习的不同种族的青少年。我们确定了学生、课堂和学校层面的关键决定因素。在学生层面，移民身份、性别和学业成绩是重要因素，移民和第一代男孩更多地卷入暴力事件。课堂层面的因素包括课堂的种族构成，种族多样性的增加有时会加剧紧张局势。在学校层面，学校规模、安全措施和帮派的存在影响了种族暴力的发生率。种族暴力的后果是深远的，会导致身体伤害、心理伤害、学业成绩下降以及长期健康问题。这种暴力还会通过使恐惧、不信任和社会孤立的循环持续下去，破坏社会凝聚力和经济发展。本综述表明，学校中的种族暴力是由一系列学生、课堂和学校层面的因素所塑造的。特别是，移民代际、低社会经济地位、缺乏融合的课堂多样性以及学校层面的偏见或帮派存在是关键驱动因素。需要采取多层次干预措施来支持第一代青少年、管理课堂多样性并实施反帮派学校政策。
