Park Chan Young, Seok Jong Hoon, Lee Seung Yoon, Kim Ji Eun
Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 29;20(8):e0330342. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330342. eCollection 2025.
Excessive sodium intake is recognized as a potential risk factor for various diseases, including kidney disease. However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between sodium intake and kidney disease in the general population. This study aimed to explore the association between sodium intake and the risk of kidney disease, utilizing multivariable logistic regression and spline interpolation models. Twelve-year prospective cohort data were analyzed, and participants were categorized based on their sodium intake. Kidney disease was defined by the presence of proteinuria and a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73m². In the overall population, sodium intake exceeding 2g/day was not significantly associated with kidney dysfunction (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04, p = 0.113). However, in subgroup analyses, individuals with diabetes who consumed more than 5g/day of sodium had a significantly increased risk of kidney dysfunction (adjusted OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.36-10.30, p = 0.01). Across both the general population and subgroup analyses, sodium intake was not significantly associated with proteinuria. These findings suggest that while sodium intake may not have a substantial impact on kidney function in the general population, it may play a critical role in accelerating kidney dysfunction in individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes.
过量的钠摄入被认为是包括肾脏疾病在内的各种疾病的潜在风险因素。然而，关于普通人群中钠摄入与肾脏疾病之间的关系，所开展的研究有限。本研究旨在利用多变量逻辑回归和样条插值模型，探讨钠摄入与肾脏疾病风险之间的关联。分析了为期12年的前瞻性队列数据，并根据参与者的钠摄入量进行分类。肾脏疾病由蛋白尿的存在以及估计肾小球滤过率降至低于60 ml/min/1.73m²来定义。在总体人群中，钠摄入量超过2克/天与肾功能不全无显著关联（调整后的比值比：0.84，95%置信区间：0.67-1.04，p = 0.113）。然而，在亚组分析中，钠摄入量超过5克/天的糖尿病患者发生肾功能不全的风险显著增加（调整后的比值比：3.76，95%置信区间：1.36-10.30，p = 0.01）。在总体人群和亚组分析中，钠摄入与蛋白尿均无显著关联。这些发现表明，虽然钠摄入可能对普通人群的肾功能没有实质性影响，但它可能在加速糖尿病等合并症患者的肾功能不全方面起关键作用。
