Hann Flóra, Pesthy Orsolya, Brezóczki Bianka, Vékony Teodóra, Nagy Cintia Anna, Sapey-Triomphe Laurie-Anne, Tóth-Fáber Eszter, Farkas Bence Csaba, Farkas Kinga, Németh Dezső
Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 30;15(1):32001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16138-7.
Cognitive and social alterations characterize Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet comprehensive explanations are challenged by ASD's heterogeneity. One candidate framework is predictive processing, which posits that predictive processes are altered in ASD (e.g., slower internal model updating). We tested this framework using the spectrum approach, which suggests that subclinical autistic traits are continuously distributed in the general population, with most diagnosed individuals above a threshold. We recruited neurotypical adults (N = 296) to examine the relationship between autistic traits and predictive processing. Using an implicit statistical learning task, we tested model updating in an unsupervised, ecologically valid manner, and assessed speed/accuracy trade-off to control for potential visuomotor performance confounds in ASD. We found no difference in model updating rate along autistic traits, suggesting no relationship between these traits and model updating in the general population, contrary to the slow updating hypothesis. However, our results reveal a difference in the evolution of speed/accuracy trade-off along the degree of autistic traits, potentially indicating a shift in the balance of goal-directed and habitual systems related to autistic traits. These findings set the stage for further research on the interaction between executive functions and predictive, habitual processes related to autistic symptoms.
认知和社交改变是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的特征,但由于ASD的异质性,全面的解释面临挑战。一个候选框架是预测加工,它假定ASD中的预测过程发生了改变(例如,内部模型更新较慢)。我们使用谱系方法测试了这个框架,该方法表明亚临床自闭症特征在普通人群中呈连续分布,大多数被诊断的个体高于阈值。我们招募了神经典型的成年人(N = 296)来研究自闭症特征与预测加工之间的关系。使用一项内隐统计学习任务,我们以无监督、生态有效的方式测试模型更新,并评估速度/准确性权衡,以控制ASD中潜在的视觉运动表现混淆因素。我们发现沿着自闭症特征的模型更新率没有差异,这表明在普通人群中这些特征与模型更新之间没有关系,这与更新缓慢的假设相反。然而,我们的结果揭示了沿着自闭症特征程度的速度/准确性权衡演变存在差异,这可能表明与自闭症特征相关的目标导向和习惯系统的平衡发生了转变。这些发现为进一步研究执行功能与与自闭症症状相关的预测性、习惯性过程之间的相互作用奠定了基础。
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