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自闭症特质与速度/准确性权衡有关,但与统计学习和更新无关。

Autistic traits relate to speed/accuracy trade-off but not statistical learning and updating.

作者信息

Hann Flóra, Pesthy Orsolya, Brezóczki Bianka, Vékony Teodóra, Nagy Cintia Anna, Sapey-Triomphe Laurie-Anne, Tóth-Fáber Eszter, Farkas Bence Csaba, Farkas Kinga, Németh Dezső

机构信息

Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 30;15(1):32001. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16138-7.


DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-16138-7
PMID:40885768
Abstract

Cognitive and social alterations characterize Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet comprehensive explanations are challenged by ASD's heterogeneity. One candidate framework is predictive processing, which posits that predictive processes are altered in ASD (e.g., slower internal model updating). We tested this framework using the spectrum approach, which suggests that subclinical autistic traits are continuously distributed in the general population, with most diagnosed individuals above a threshold. We recruited neurotypical adults (N = 296) to examine the relationship between autistic traits and predictive processing. Using an implicit statistical learning task, we tested model updating in an unsupervised, ecologically valid manner, and assessed speed/accuracy trade-off to control for potential visuomotor performance confounds in ASD. We found no difference in model updating rate along autistic traits, suggesting no relationship between these traits and model updating in the general population, contrary to the slow updating hypothesis. However, our results reveal a difference in the evolution of speed/accuracy trade-off along the degree of autistic traits, potentially indicating a shift in the balance of goal-directed and habitual systems related to autistic traits. These findings set the stage for further research on the interaction between executive functions and predictive, habitual processes related to autistic symptoms.

摘要

认知和社交改变是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的特征,但由于ASD的异质性,全面的解释面临挑战。一个候选框架是预测加工,它假定ASD中的预测过程发生了改变(例如,内部模型更新较慢)。我们使用谱系方法测试了这个框架,该方法表明亚临床自闭症特征在普通人群中呈连续分布,大多数被诊断的个体高于阈值。我们招募了神经典型的成年人(N = 296)来研究自闭症特征与预测加工之间的关系。使用一项内隐统计学习任务,我们以无监督、生态有效的方式测试模型更新,并评估速度/准确性权衡,以控制ASD中潜在的视觉运动表现混淆因素。我们发现沿着自闭症特征的模型更新率没有差异,这表明在普通人群中这些特征与模型更新之间没有关系,这与更新缓慢的假设相反。然而,我们的结果揭示了沿着自闭症特征程度的速度/准确性权衡演变存在差异,这可能表明与自闭症特征相关的目标导向和习惯系统的平衡发生了转变。这些发现为进一步研究执行功能与与自闭症症状相关的预测性、习惯性过程之间的相互作用奠定了基础。

相似文献

[1]
Autistic traits relate to speed/accuracy trade-off but not statistical learning and updating.

Sci Rep. 2025-8-30

[2]
The Effect of Labeling During Simulated Contact on Attitudes Toward Autistic Adults.

Autism Adulthood. 2025-2-5

[3]
Longitudinal Relationships Between Depressive Attributional Style and Internalizing Symptoms in an Autism-Enriched Sample of Incoming College Students.

Autism Adulthood. 2025-4-3

[4]
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[5]
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Autism Adulthood. 2025-5-28

[6]
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Autism Adulthood. 2024-9-16

[7]
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Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-11-21

[8]
Metacognition and Cognitive Flexibility in Autistic and Neurotypically-Developing Populations.

Brain Behav. 2025-7

[9]
An Examination of Perceived Stress and Emotion Regulation Challenges as Mediators of Associations Between Camouflaging and Internalizing Symptomatology.

Autism Adulthood. 2024-9-16

[10]
Do autistic individuals show atypical performance in probabilistic learning? A comparison of cue-number, predictive strength, and prediction error.

Mol Autism. 2025-3-4

本文引用的文献

[1]
Mind Wandering during Implicit Learning Is Associated with Increased Periodic EEG Activity and Improved Extraction of Hidden Probabilistic Patterns.

J Neurosci. 2025-5-7

[2]
Mind wandering enhances statistical learning.

iScience. 2025-1-4

[3]
Intact ultrafast memory consolidation in adults with autism and neurotypicals with autism traits.

Brain Res. 2025-1-15

[4]
Evidence for a competitive relationship between executive functions and statistical learning.

NPJ Sci Learn. 2024-4-12

[5]
Disentangling sensory precision and prior expectation of change in autism during tactile discrimination.

NPJ Sci Learn. 2023-12-6

[6]
Intact predictive processing in autistic adults: evidence from statistical learning.

Sci Rep. 2023-7-22

[7]
Lifespan developmental invariance in memory consolidation: evidence from procedural memory.

PNAS Nexus. 2023-2-8

[8]
Autistic Adults Show Intact Learning on a Visuospatial Serial Reaction Time Task.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2024-4

[9]
10 years of Bayesian theories of autism: A comprehensive review.

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023-2

[10]
Thinking, fast and slow on the autism spectrum.

Autism. 2023-7

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