Cimino Patrick J, Keiser Dylan J, Parrish Abigail G, Holland Eric C, Szulzewsky Frank
Neuropathology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 31;15(1):32013. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17409-z.
YAP1 gene fusions are found in a multitude of human tumors and are the likely tumor-initiating events in these tumors. We have previously shown that YAP1 fusion proteins exert TEAD-dependent oncogenic YAP1 activity. However, the contributions of the C-terminal fusion partners to the oncogenic functions of YAP1 fusion proteins are understudied. Here, we expressed eight different YAP1 gene fusions in vivo. Tumors induced by YAP1::TFE3 displayed a significantly different histomorphology compared to tumors induced by other YAP1 fusions or activated non-fusion YAP1. To assess the extent to which TFE3 activity and the functional TFE3 domains (DNA binding: leucine zipper (LZ) and basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH); activation domain (AD)) contribute to the oncogenic functions of YAP1::TFE3, we generated several mutant variants and performed functional in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro, mutation or deletion of the TFE3 DNA binding domains (LZ, bHLH) resulted in reduced TFE3 activity but increased YAP1 activity of YAP1::TFE3. In vivo, deletion of the LZ and bHLH domains did not result in a decrease in tumor incidence but induced the formation of more YAP1-like tumors that lacked prominent features of YAP1::TFE3-driven tumors. By contrast, loss of the TFE3 AD almost completely abrogated tumor formation. Our results suggest that the TFE3 domains significantly contribute to the oncogenic activity of YAP1::TFE3.
YAP1基因融合在多种人类肿瘤中被发现,并且可能是这些肿瘤中的肿瘤起始事件。我们之前已经表明,YAP1融合蛋白发挥TEAD依赖性的致癌YAP1活性。然而,C端融合伴侣对YAP1融合蛋白致癌功能的贡献尚未得到充分研究。在这里,我们在体内表达了八种不同的YAP1基因融合。与其他YAP1融合或激活的非融合YAP1诱导的肿瘤相比,YAP1::TFE3诱导的肿瘤表现出明显不同的组织形态学。为了评估TFE3活性和功能性TFE3结构域(DNA结合:亮氨酸拉链(LZ)和碱性螺旋环螺旋(bHLH);激活域(AD))对YAP1::TFE3致癌功能的贡献程度,我们生成了几种突变变体并进行了体外和体内功能测定。在体外,TFE3 DNA结合结构域(LZ、bHLH)的突变或缺失导致TFE3活性降低,但YAP1::TFE3的YAP1活性增加。在体内,LZ和bHLH结构域的缺失并未导致肿瘤发生率降低,但诱导形成了更多缺乏YAP1::TFE3驱动肿瘤突出特征的YAP1样肿瘤。相比之下,TFE3 AD的缺失几乎完全消除了肿瘤形成。我们的结果表明,TFE3结构域对YAP1::TFE3的致癌活性有显著贡献。
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