Wang Bin, Guo Chen, Wu Peng-Hao, Lu Jian-Wei, Ren Tao, Li Xiao-Kun
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers, Wuhan 430070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2025 Aug;36(8):2388-2398. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202508.011.
To elucidate the responses of yield and carbon footprint of double-season rice production systems to new-type fertilizers and irrigation regimes, we investigated the effects of three new-type fertilizers, viz, controlled-release urea (CRU), nitrapyrin-treated urea (CP), and effective microorganisms (EM) (conventional fertilizer as control), and two irrigation regimes, conventional flooding (W) and shallow water irrigation (W), on yield, greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of early- and late-season rice by the FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 modeling in combination with field experiments (2020-2021). The results showed that compared to the conventional fertilizer (CK), three new-type fertilizers increased rice yield. The average yield increases for early and late rice under the three fertilizer treatments were 14.2% and 17.1% in 2020, and were 36.7% and 23.1% in 2021. There was no difference in rice yield between W and W. Application of new-type fertilizers reduced greenhouse gas emission in the double-season rice system, and the mitigation effect varied between early and late rice seasons. Compared to CK, CH emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under CRU treatment were decreased by 22.2%, 22.9%, and 39.3% in early rice season, that under CP treatment were decreased by 20.7%, 19.3%, and 33.5% in late rice seasons. NO emission and GHGI under EM treatment were decreased by 14.7% and 6.2% in early rice seasons. Shallow water irrigation significantly reduced greenhouse gas emission. Compared to the W treatment, CH emission, NO emission, GWP, and GHGI under the W treatment were decreased by 21.9%, 42.0%, 24.7%, and 25.9% in early rice season, by 23.4%, 33.6%, 24.0%, and 23.7% in late rice season, respectively. There was a significant interaction effect between new-type fertilizers and irrigation regimes on carbon footprint. Compared to the CK treatment under the W irrigation, the interaction of new-type fertilizers and W irrigation significantly decreased the average value of carbon footprint in early and late rice seasons by 35.9% and 22.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of new-type fertilizers significantly increased the yield of double-season rice, while optimizing irrigation regime reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The implementation of appropriate new-type fertilizers under the shallow water irrigation could increase yield and decrease greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint, which would promote clean production and contribute to the sustainable development of double-season rice systems.
为阐明双季稻生产系统的产量和碳足迹对新型肥料和灌溉制度的响应，我们通过FAO-CROPWAT 8.0模型结合田间试验（2020 - 2021年），研究了三种新型肥料，即控释尿素（CRU）、硝化抑制剂处理尿素（CP）和有效微生物（EM）（以常规肥料为对照），以及两种灌溉制度，即常规淹灌（W）和浅水灌溉（W），对早、晚季水稻产量、温室气体排放和碳足迹的影响。结果表明，与常规肥料（CK）相比，三种新型肥料均提高了水稻产量。三种肥料处理下早稻和晚稻的平均产量增幅在2020年分别为14.2%和17.1%，在2021年分别为36.7%和23.1%。W和W处理的水稻产量无差异。新型肥料的施用减少了双季稻系统中的温室气体排放，且早、晚稻季的减排效果有所不同。与CK相比，早稻季CRU处理下的CH排放、全球变暖潜势（GWP）和温室气体强度（GHGI）分别降低了22.2%、22.9%和39.3%，晚稻季CP处理下分别降低了20.7%、19.3%和33.5%。EM处理下早稻季的NO排放和GHGI分别降低了14.7%和6.2%。浅水灌溉显著降低了温室气体排放。与W处理相比，W处理下早稻季的CH排放、NO排放、GWP和GHGI分别降低了21.9%、42.0%、24.7%和25.9%，晚稻季分别降低了23.4%、33.6%、24.0%和23.7%。新型肥料与灌溉制度对碳足迹存在显著的交互作用。与W灌溉下的CK处理相比，新型肥料与W灌溉的交互作用显著降低了早、晚稻季碳足迹的平均值，分别降低了35.9%和22.0%。总之，新型肥料的施用显著提高了双季稻产量，而优化灌溉制度降低了温室气体排放。在浅水灌溉条件下实施适当的新型肥料可以提高产量、减少温室气体排放和碳足迹，这将促进清洁生产并有助于双季稻系统的可持续发展。
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