Glass Deborah Catherine, Gwini Stella May, Monaco Anthony Del, Fritschi Lin, Abramson Michael J, Sim Malcolm Ross, Walker-Bone Karen
Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Division of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Sep 1;25(1):3004. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24163-4.
Coal mine workers are exposed to many occupational hazards which may affect mortality including respirable coal mine dust, crystalline silica and diesel engine emissions. Several studies have shown decreased overall mortality, but studies did not define the jobs held, did not include women coal mine workers and lacked smoking data.
A cohort of coal mine workers, from Queensland, Australia, was linked to the national death registry. Those who had had a health assessment after 1993 were grouped by job title into eight Work Categories. Mortality by Work Categories were compared to the Australian population to produce standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). Relative mortality ratios (RMR) by sex were calculated comparing risks within the cohort, adjusted for age, era (calendar period) and smoking.
There were 4,555 deaths among 161,534 men and 196 among 23,967 women with job titles. The median age at inception was 33 (men) and 30 (women) years. SMRs were significantly reduced for men and women. However, compared with other men in the cohort, increased mortality was found from digestive diseases (Maintenance workers and Truck Drivers), respiratory diseases (Construction and Labourers) and accidents (Production, Labourers and Truck Drivers). Circulatory disease mortality was increased for male Production workers adjusted RMR (aRMR) 1.22(95%CI 1.06-1.40), Unexposed Non-Office aRMR 1.64(95%CI 1.15-2.35) and Labourers aRMR 1.48 95%CI (1.00-2.17) and Truck Drivers aRMR 1.21(95%CI 0.95-1.54), while accidental deaths were higher in female cleaners aRMR 3.13(95%CI 1.30-7.57). The suicide rate was higher for men and women in Production jobs.
Although a relatively young cohort, mortality risk varied by type of work. Risk of death from circulatory causes was increased in some workers, even after adjusting for smoking. Suicide rates are higher for men and women doing Production jobs.
煤矿工人面临许多职业危害，这些危害可能影响死亡率，包括可吸入煤矿粉尘、结晶硅石和柴油发动机排放物。多项研究表明总体死亡率有所下降，但这些研究未明确工人所从事的工作，未纳入女性煤矿工人，且缺乏吸烟数据。
来自澳大利亚昆士兰的一组煤矿工人与国家死亡登记处进行了关联。1993年后接受过健康评估的工人按职位划分为八个工作类别。将各工作类别的死亡率与澳大利亚人口死亡率进行比较，以得出标准化死亡率（SMR）。计算了按性别划分的相对死亡率（RMR），对队列中的风险进行了年龄、时期（日历时间段）和吸烟情况的调整。
有职位的161,534名男性中有4,555人死亡，23,967名女性中有196人死亡。起始时的中位年龄男性为33岁，女性为30岁。男性和女性的标准化死亡率均显著降低。然而，与队列中的其他男性相比，发现从事维护工作和卡车驾驶工作的男性因消化系统疾病导致的死亡率增加，从事建筑工作和体力劳动工作的男性因呼吸系统疾病导致的死亡率增加，从事生产工作、体力劳动工作和卡车驾驶工作的男性因事故导致的死亡率增加。男性生产工人的循环系统疾病死亡率升高，调整后的相对死亡率（aRMR）为1.22（95%置信区间1.06 - 1.40），未接触粉尘的非办公室工作人员aRMR为1.64（95%置信区间1.15 - 2.35），体力劳动者aRMR为1.48（95%置信区间1.00 - 2.17），卡车司机aRMR为1.21（95%置信区间0.95 - 1.54），而女性清洁工的意外死亡风险较高，aRMR为3.13（95%置信区间1.30 - 7.57）。从事生产工作的男性和女性的自杀率较高。
尽管该队列相对年轻，但死亡率风险因工作类型而异。即使在调整吸烟因素后，一些工人因循环系统疾病导致的死亡风险仍有所增加。从事生产工作的男性和女性的自杀率较高。
