撒哈拉以南非洲国家赞比亚药学专业学生对ChatGPT的态度及使用情况：研究结果及其对教育系统的启示
Attitudes and usage of ChatGPT among pharmacy students in a Sub-Saharan African country, Zambia: findings and implications on the education system.
作者信息
Mudenda Steward, Mufwambi Webrod, Mwale Ridge Samson, Kathewera Bernard, Lubanga Adriano Focus
机构信息
Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
Department of Pharmacy, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2025 Sep 1;25(1):1237. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07833-0.
BACKGROUND
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in many sectors including healthcare education. ChatGPT is a widely used generative AI model among learners and teachers globally. In Zambia, there is no information regarding the use of ChatGPT among healthcare students. Therefore, this study assessed the attitudes and usage of ChatGPT and influencing factors among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to May 2024 among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the validated Technology Acceptance Model Edited to Assess ChatGPT Adoption (TAME-ChatGPT) survey instrument on the determinants of attitude and usage of ChatGPT among health students. Attitude toward ChatGPT was assessed using four items grouped into a single variable comprising the primary study measure and dichotomized into “positive” vs. “negative” attitudes.
RESULTS
A total of 385 responses were obtained, with 358 participants (93.0%) who heard of ChatGPT before the study, and 303 used ChatGPT (78.7%). In univariate analyses, the following factors were significantly associated with a positive attitudes towards ChatGPT: low perceived risk ( = 0.009), low anxiety ( = 0.010), and a high score on technology/social influence ( < 0.001), with the latter factor being the only influencing factor regression analysis (aOR: 2.908, 95% CI: 1.752–4.825). Regarding the influencing factors for ChatGPT use, the perceived usefulness was the only significant factor ( = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS
The study results showed the widespread use of ChatGPT among pharmacy students in Zambia highlighting its increasing role as part of the educational process. This study also found that advancement in technology and social influence predisposed most pharmacy students to use Chat GPT. To better implement this advanced generative AI tool in healthcare education, academics and universities must take into account the role of social influence and readiness to accept technology as well as emphasizing the role of usefulness to foster the educational process.
背景
人工智能（AI）已成为包括医疗保健教育在内的许多领域的强大工具。ChatGPT是全球学习者和教师中广泛使用的生成式AI模型。在赞比亚，尚无关于医学生使用ChatGPT的信息。因此，本研究评估了赞比亚大学药学专业学生对ChatGPT的态度和使用情况以及影响因素。
方法
本横断面研究于2024年2月至2024年5月在赞比亚大学的药学专业学生中进行，使用结构化问卷。该问卷基于经过验证的技术接受模型编辑而成，用于评估医学生对ChatGPT采用情况的决定因素（TAME-ChatGPT）调查工具。使用分为一个单一变量的四个项目评估对ChatGPT的态度，该变量构成主要研究指标，并分为“积极”与“消极”态度。
结果
共获得385份回复，358名参与者（93.0%）在研究前听说过ChatGPT，303人使用过ChatGPT（78.7%）。在单因素分析中，以下因素与对ChatGPT的积极态度显著相关：低感知风险（=0.009）、低焦虑（=0.010）以及技术/社会影响高分（<0.001），后一个因素是回归分析中唯一的影响因素（调整后比值比：2.908，95%置信区间：1.752-4.825）。关于ChatGPT使用的影响因素，感知有用性是唯一的显著因素（=0.013）。
结论
研究结果表明ChatGPT在赞比亚药学专业学生中广泛使用，突出了其作为教育过程一部分的日益重要的作用。本研究还发现，技术进步和社会影响使大多数药学专业学生倾向于使用ChatGPT。为了在医疗保健教育中更好地应用这一先进的生成式AI工具，学者和大学必须考虑社会影响的作用以及接受技术的意愿，并强调有用性在促进教育过程中的作用。
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