寻找路径——护理人员对在痴呆症护理院陪伴居民户外散步的认知与体验：一项质性研究
Finding the way - nursing staff's perceptions and experiences of outdoor walks with residents in dementia care homes: a qualitative study.
作者信息
Sjöholm Cecilia, Roaldsen Kirsti Skavberg, Gardiner Paul A, Dohrn Ing-Mari
机构信息
Department of Elderly Care and Social Services, City of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 Sep 1;24(1):1141. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03771-w.
BACKGROUND
Outdoor walks have been shown to provide physical and cognitive benefits and may help reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in care home residents. However, little is known about how nursing staff perceive and integrate these walks into daily care. This study aimed to explore staff perceptions and experiences of outdoor walks, focusing on their benefits and how to integrate them into routine care.
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven informants, all nursing staff, from six dementia care homes located in different residential areas in Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Three main categories were identified: 'Walks with purpose and meaning', 'Challenges with outdoor walks and ways to deal with them', and 'Emotional, physical and relational responses to outdoor walks'. Outdoor walks were perceived valuable for residents, staff, and relatives from multiple perspectives. Informants consistently described outdoor walks as meaningful and beneficial for residents, contributing to improvements in physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and existential well-being, both during and after the walks. However, walks could occasionally increase anxiety afterward. Challenges were described both in the preparation process and during the walk, such as stressful environments, weather conditions, and varying individual health conditions and needs. Insufficient staffing, competing tasks, differing views among staff regarding the importance of walking, and the absence of established routines for walks were also mentioned. The informants had developed various a person-centered strategies to manage many of these challenges and risks, based on their knowledge and experience in dementia care.
CONCLUSION
Outdoor walks were highly valued by staff and could be integrated into daily dementia care with appropriate planning. A wide range of health benefits were described, including reduced BPSD, suggesting that walks may help reduce the need for medication. Moreover, outdoor walks were viewed as meaningful activities that fostered social connection and offered residents a way to engage with nature and the surrounding community.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Not applicable.
背景
户外散步已被证明对身体和认知有益，可能有助于减轻养老院居民痴呆症的行为和心理症状（BPSD）。然而，对于护理人员如何看待这些散步并将其融入日常护理知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨工作人员对户外散步的看法和体验，重点关注其益处以及如何将其融入常规护理。
方法
对来自瑞典不同居民区的六家痴呆症护理院的七名信息提供者（均为护理人员）进行了半结构化访谈。使用定性内容分析法对数据进行分析。
结果
确定了三个主要类别：“有目的和意义的散步”、“户外散步的挑战及应对方法”以及“对户外散步的情感、身体和人际关系反应”。户外散步从多个角度被认为对居民、工作人员和亲属都有价值。信息提供者一致认为户外散步对居民有意义且有益，无论是在散步期间还是之后，都有助于改善身体、心理、认知、社交和生存幸福感。然而，散步后偶尔可能会增加焦虑。在准备过程和散步期间都描述了一些挑战，例如压力环境、天气状况以及不同的个人健康状况和需求。还提到了人员配备不足、任务竞争、工作人员对散步重要性的不同看法以及缺乏既定的散步常规。信息提供者根据他们在痴呆症护理方面的知识和经验，制定了各种以个人为中心的策略来应对许多这些挑战和风险。
结论
工作人员高度重视户外散步，并可通过适当规划将其融入日常痴呆症护理。描述了广泛的健康益处，包括减少BPSD，这表明散步可能有助于减少药物需求。此外，户外散步被视为有意义的活动，可促进社交联系，并为居民提供与自然和周围社区互动的方式。
试验注册
不适用。
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