Martin-Gall Veronica A, Neil Amanda, Macintyre Kate, Veitch Mark G K, Gall Seana
Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmanian Government, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Health Promot J Austr. 2025 Oct;36(4):e70088. doi: 10.1002/hpja.70088.
By 2025, all Australian jurisdictions will have a licensing scheme to manage the supply of tobacco. However, there is no national smoking product licensing framework to drive national consistency and enhance tobacco control. There are few published examples of the operation and impact of this tobacco control legislation. This commentary describes the maturation of Tasmania's (TAS) Tobacco Licensing Scheme (the Scheme) and its benefits, strengths, and limitations for current and future tobacco control. A 'mature scheme' is a scheme beyond the establishment phase-as is the case for (New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria) that complies with the national recommendations from 2002, used to inform tobacco control policy. The Scheme is legally mandated and requires payment of annual licence fees. It enables government officers to conduct compliance activity on the legal sale of tobacco, monitor the number, distribution, and range of retailers. Initially, it took 2 years to register and conduct compliance activity with all known tobacco retailers. Now, the Scheme enables online applications, requires retail sales reporting, detects illicit tobacco sales, and requires new applicants to undergo police checks. In 2017, the Scheme was extended to e-cigarette sellers. Following a ban on the retail sale of e-cigarettes outside of pharmacies in Australia, the Scheme allowed businesses to surrender unsold products. The Register of sellers has been used in four research studies employing qualitative, spatial, and intervention designs, including a pilot study influencing retailers to stop selling tobacco. Each study has contributed to shaping tobacco control policy. Mature tobacco retail licensing schemes enable governments to oversee legal sales, estimate consumption, and generate data for research that informs future policies. A nationally consistent approach to licensing schemes could include retail laws. Adopting a public health framework is desirable. Such an approach would allow for cross-border investigations to detect and potentially deter illicit product sales. All Australian schemes could monitor tobacco sales, collate data, conduct modelling and intervention studies to reduce tobacco availability. The evidence from these studies can inform policy, plan, and implement retail controls, and in turn reduce smoking for the entire country.
到2025年，澳大利亚所有司法管辖区都将实施一项许可计划，以管理烟草供应。然而，目前尚无全国性的烟草制品许可框架来推动全国范围内的一致性并加强烟草控制。关于这项烟草控制立法的实施情况和影响，鲜有公开的实例。本评论描述了塔斯马尼亚州（TAS）烟草许可计划（该计划）的成熟过程及其对当前和未来烟草控制的益处、优势和局限性。一个“成熟的计划”是指已过设立阶段的计划——新南威尔士州、昆士兰州和维多利亚州的情况就是如此，该计划符合2002年的国家建议，用于为烟草控制政策提供参考。该计划具有法律强制性，需要支付年度许可费。它使政府官员能够对烟草合法销售进行合规检查，监测零售商的数量、分布和经营范围。最初，花了两年时间对所有已知的烟草零售商进行登记并开展合规检查。现在，该计划允许在线申请，要求报告零售销售情况，检测非法烟草销售，并要求新申请人接受警方背景调查。2017年，该计划扩大到电子烟销售商。在澳大利亚禁止在药店以外的地方零售电子烟之后，该计划允许商家上交未售出的产品。卖家登记册已被用于四项采用定性、空间和干预设计的研究中，包括一项影响零售商停止销售烟草的试点研究。每项研究都为塑造烟草控制政策做出了贡献。成熟的烟草零售许可计划使政府能够监督合法销售、估计消费量并生成研究数据，为未来政策提供依据。对许可计划采取全国一致的方法可能包括零售法律。采用公共卫生框架是可取的。这样的方法将允许进行跨境调查，以发现并可能阻止非法产品销售。澳大利亚所有的计划都可以监测烟草销售、整理数据、进行建模和干预研究，以减少烟草供应。这些研究的证据可以为政策制定、规划和实施零售管制提供参考，进而在全国范围内减少吸烟。
