Moreira Juliana, Cunha Bruno, Félix José, Santos Rubim, Sousa Andreia S P
CIR, E2S, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Australas J Ageing. 2025 Sep;44(3):e70089. doi: 10.1111/ajag.70089.
Sit-to-Stand (Sit-TS) and Stand-to-Sit (Stand-TS) transitions are essential daily movements affected by ageing and disability. This study aimed to explore related kinematic domains in older adults with and without disability.
A cross-sectional study including adults aged 60 years or older, with (n = 25) and without disability (n = 35). Comparisons between groups included task time, centre of mass (CoM) acceleration, postural sway and principal component (PC) scores for each task. Principal component models (PCMs) included lower limb and trunk tridimensional joint ranges of motion, angular velocity range, CoM displacement and velocity along each Sit-TS (flexion, momentum transfer, extension and stabilisation) and Stand-TS (initiation, flexion, momentum transfer and extension) phases.
Older adults with functional disability exhibited increased Sit-TS peak antero-posterior CoM acceleration (p = .02). The Sit-TS and Stand-TS PCMs included nine PCs each. In Sit-TS, the first three explained half the variance: PC1 captured transverse hip and knee stabilisation kinematics, PC2 described trunk and hip frontal and transverse control during flexion, and PC3 represented sagittal knee and ankle control during momentum transfer and extension. In Stand-TS, variance was more distributed (PC1 describing frontal hip and knee flexion velocity, PC2 sagittal trunk and hip extension velocity, and PC3 vertical CoM velocity at extension). Significant group differences emerged in PC4 (transverse knee and frontal hip kinematics) and PC9 (sagittal and frontal trunk angular velocity ranges during momentum transfer).
Both transitions revealed distinct joint and trunk control demands. Principal components involving transverse knee, frontal hip and trunk angular velocities distinguished disability groups, with Stand-TS showing greater discriminative power.
从坐到站（Sit-TS）和从站到坐（Stand-TS）的转换是受衰老和残疾影响的基本日常活动。本研究旨在探索有残疾和无残疾的老年人相关的运动学领域。
一项横断面研究，纳入60岁及以上的成年人，其中有残疾者（n = 25）和无残疾者（n = 35）。组间比较包括每个任务的任务时间、质心（CoM）加速度、姿势摆动和主成分（PC）得分。主成分模型（PCM）包括下肢和躯干三维关节活动范围、角速度范围、CoM在每个Sit-TS（屈曲、动量转移、伸展和稳定）和Stand-TS（起始、屈曲、动量转移和伸展）阶段的位移和速度。
功能残疾的老年人在Sit-TS时前后方向的CoM峰值加速度增加（p = 0.02）。Sit-TS和Stand-TS的PCM各包括9个主成分。在Sit-TS中，前三个主成分解释了一半的方差：PC1反映了髋关节和膝关节横向稳定运动学，PC2描述了屈曲过程中躯干和髋关节在额状面和横断面上的控制，PC3代表动量转移和伸展过程中膝关节和踝关节在矢状面上的控制。在Stand-TS中，方差分布更分散（PC1描述髋关节和膝关节在额状面的屈曲速度，PC2描述躯干和髋关节在矢状面的伸展速度，PC3描述伸展时CoM的垂直速度）。在PC4（膝关节横向和髋关节额状面运动学）和PC9（动量转移过程中矢状面和额状面躯干角速度范围）上出现了显著的组间差异。
两种转换都显示出不同的关节和躯干控制需求。涉及膝关节横向、髋关节额状面和躯干角速度的主成分区分了残疾组，Stand-TS显示出更大的鉴别能力。
