Rajeswaren Vivian, Croniger Bridget, Dirani Karim, Wilson M Roy
Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, Michigan.
JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Sep 2;8(9):e2529778. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.29778.
The updated race and ethnicity reporting guidelines published in the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors highlight the importance of using specific racial and ethnic categories rather than generalized terms, promoting inclusive language, supporting diversity and respect, and examining sociodemographic factors that shape the relationship between race and ethnicity and health outcomes.
To evaluate adherence to the AMA Manual of Style's updated race and ethnicity reporting guidelines in the 3 highest-impact ophthalmology journals.
A systematic review of articles published in American Journal of Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and Ophthalmology from August 1, 2023, through August 31, 2024. Articles with a study population were included. Articles were excluded if they lacked a study population, used artificial intelligence, determined race and ethnicity by facial features, or reported ancestry instead of race or ethnicity.
This review yielded 931 research articles, with 525 meeting inclusion criteria. Of these, 491 articles (93.5%) reported age, 472 (89.9%) sex and/or gender, 285 (54.3%) race and/or ethnicity, and 96 (18.3%) socioeconomic measures. Of the 285 articles reporting race and/or ethnicity, 159 (55.8%) reported "race," 155 (54.4%) "ethnicity," and 106 (37.2%) "race/ethnicity" as 1 category. Race was misclassified as ethnicity or vice versa in 54 articles (19.0%); 3 (5.6%) used primary datasets, 13 (24.1%) used secondary, and 38 (70.4%) did not specify. A total of 276 articles (96.8%) reported specific race and/or ethnicity categories; 19 articles (6.9%) collected race and ethnicity data without reporting categories. Race and ethnicity categories were used as nouns in 44 articles (15.4%). "Minority/minorities" was used in 39 articles (13.7%), and the use of a modifier was mixed, with a modifier consistently used in 22 (56.4%), inconsistently in 4 (10.3%), and not at all in 13 (33.3%). Of the 26 articles (9.1%) using "multiracial" or "multiethnic," 5 (19.2%) reported the included categories. "African American" and "Black" were used interchangeably in 23 articles (8.1%), and 36 (12.6%) used "Caucasian" for White race.
In this systematic review of research articles in the 3 highest-impact ophthalmology journals from August 2023 through August 2024, race and ethnicity reporting was substantially nonadherent with updated JAMA recommendations. These findings suggest that improvements in demographic reporting are needed.
《美国医学会编辑与作者手册风格指南》发布的更新后的种族和族裔报告指南强调了使用特定种族和族裔类别而非通用术语的重要性，提倡使用包容性语言，支持多样性和尊重，并审视影响种族、族裔与健康结果之间关系的社会人口因素。
评估三大最具影响力的眼科期刊对《美国医学会编辑与作者手册风格指南》更新后的种族和族裔报告指南的遵循情况。
对2023年8月1日至2024年8月31日发表在美国《眼科杂志》、《美国医学会眼科杂志》和《眼科学》上的文章进行系统回顾。纳入有研究人群的文章。若文章缺乏研究人群、使用人工智能、通过面部特征确定种族和族裔或报告血统而非种族或族裔，则予以排除。
本综述共筛选出931篇研究文章，其中525篇符合纳入标准。其中，491篇文章（93.5%）报告了年龄，472篇（89.9%）报告了性别，285篇（54.3%）报告了种族和/或族裔，96篇（18.3%）报告了社会经济指标。在285篇报告种族和/或族裔的文章中，159篇（55.8%）报告了“种族”，155篇（54.4%）报告了“族裔”，106篇（37.2%）将“种族/族裔”作为一个类别报告。54篇文章（19.0%）中种族被错误分类为族裔或反之；3篇（5.6%）使用了原始数据集，13篇（24.1%）使用了二手数据集，38篇（70.4%）未明确说明。共有276篇文章（96.8%）报告了特定的种族和/或族裔类别；19篇文章（6.9%）收集了种族和族裔数据但未报告类别。44篇文章（15.4%）将种族和族裔类别用作名词。39篇文章（13.7%）使用了“少数群体/少数族裔”，修饰词的使用情况不一，22篇（56.4%）始终使用修饰词，4篇（10.3%）使用不一致，13篇（33.3%）完全未使用。在使用“多种族”或“多族裔”的26篇文章（9.1%）中，5篇（19.2%）报告了所包含的类别。23篇文章（8.1%）中“非裔美国人”和“黑人”可互换使用，36篇（12.6%）用“白种人”指代白人种族。
在对2023年8月至2024年8月三大最具影响力的眼科期刊上的研究文章进行的系统回顾中，种族和族裔报告基本未遵循《美国医学会杂志》的更新建议。这些发现表明需要改进人口统计学报告。
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