Haddadi Mohammad Hossein, Taki Elahe, Maleki Abbas, Mashhadi Jamshid, Shahi Fatemeh, Koupaei Maryam, Sadeghifard Nourkhoda, Faraji Reza, Moradi Melika, Valadbeigi Hassan, Khoshnood Saeed
Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Int J Microbiol. 2025 Aug 22;2025:9634257. doi: 10.1155/ijm/9634257. eCollection 2025.
is an opportunistic pathogen linked to a range of severe infections. It is classified into classic (cKp) and hypervirulent (hvKp) forms, with hvKp showing enhanced virulence. This study examines Type VI secretion system (T6SS) presence and virulence factors in cKp and hvKp strains while assessing antimicrobial resistance. Eighty-three isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in Ilam, Iran, between June and December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disk diffusion method. Hypervirulent isolates were identified by string test, tellurite resistance, and presence of , , and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, PCR detected virulence, -lactamases, and T6SS genes. Of 83 isolates, 16.87% and 83.13% were hvKp and cKp, respectively. All isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 18.07% exhibiting carbapenem resistance. The pattern of antibiotic resistance in hvKp and cKp is not significantly different, except for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and azithromycin. Also, there was no significant difference between T6SS-positive and T6SS-negative isolates except for ciprofloxacin. T6SS presence did not significantly correlate with virulence or resistance genes, except for ciprofloxacin resistance ( = 0.0219). Surveillance, infection control, and targeted therapies are essential to combat hypervirulent and drug-resistant .
是一种与一系列严重感染相关的机会性病原体。它分为经典型（cKp）和高毒力型（hvKp），其中hvKp表现出更强的毒力。本研究检测了cKp和hvKp菌株中VI型分泌系统（T6SS）的存在情况和毒力因子，同时评估了抗菌药物耐药性。2023年6月至12月期间，从伊朗伊拉姆的住院患者中收集了83株分离株。采用纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。通过拉丝试验、亚碲酸盐耐药性以及使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测是否存在、和来鉴定高毒力分离株。此外，PCR检测了毒力、β-内酰胺酶和T6SS基因。在83株分离株中，hvKp和cKp分别占16.87%和83.13%。所有分离株均为多重耐药（MDR），18.07%表现出碳青霉烯类耐药。除环丙沙星、四环素和阿奇霉素外，hvKp和cKp的抗生素耐药模式没有显著差异。除环丙沙星外，T6SS阳性和T6SS阴性分离株之间也没有显著差异。除环丙沙星耐药外（P = 0.0219），T6SS的存在与毒力或耐药基因之间没有显著相关性。监测、感染控制和靶向治疗对于对抗高毒力和耐药性至关重要。
