使用脉动鼻腔射流对特定患者上呼吸道的流动动力学和压力调制
Flow Dynamics and Pressure Modulation in a Patient-Specific Upper Airway using a Pulsating Nasal Jet.
作者信息
Aseem Muhammad, Sundström Elias, Oren Liran
机构信息
University of Cincinnati.
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, FLOW.
出版信息
Res Sq. 2025 Aug 22:rs.3.rs-7303826. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7303826/v1.
Pulsating airflow jets delivered via nasal cannula offer a promising, comfortable, non-invasive alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the fluid dynamic mechanisms by which pulsatile flow influences upper airway pressure remain poorly understood in anatomically realistic geometries. This study used large eddy simulations (LES) to examine pressure and flow characteristics of pulsating nasal jets within a patient-specific upper airway model. Two airflow conditions were simulated: (1) steady high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) at 40 L/min and (2) pulsatile flow at 20 Hz with a 30% duty cycle, matched to the same mean flow rate. Each pulse generated a vortex ring that impinged on the nasal walls, creating localized high-pressure regions and asymmetric shear stress. Compared to steady flow, the pulsatile jet increased time-averaged pharyngeal pressure by up to 50%. Spectral analysis revealed that 20 Hz pressure oscillations were confined to the nasal cavity and pharynx, dissipating before reaching the lower airway. These effects, shaped by jet-wall interactions in complex anatomy, diverge from classical vortex dynamics. Pulsatile nasal flow may offer a precise, geometry-responsive method for upper airway stabilization and a more tolerable alternative to CPAP for OSA therapy.
通过鼻导管输送的脉动气流喷射为治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)提供了一种有前景、舒适且无创的持续气道正压通气(CPAP)替代方案。然而,在符合解剖学实际的几何结构中,脉动流影响上气道压力的流体动力学机制仍知之甚少。本研究使用大涡模拟(LES)来研究特定患者上气道模型内脉动鼻喷流的压力和流动特性。模拟了两种气流条件:(1)40升/分钟的稳定高流量鼻导管(HFNC)和(2)频率为20赫兹、占空比为30%的脉动流,其平均流速相同。每个脉冲都会产生一个撞击鼻壁的涡环,形成局部高压区域和不对称剪应力。与稳定流相比,脉动射流使咽部时间平均压力增加了50%。频谱分析表明,20赫兹的压力振荡局限于鼻腔和咽部,在到达下气道之前就消散了。这些由复杂解剖结构中的射流-壁相互作用形成的效应,与经典涡动力学不同。脉动鼻流可能为上气道稳定提供一种精确的、对几何结构有响应的方法,并且是OSA治疗中比CPAP更易耐受的替代方案。
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