Association of dietary inflammatory index with serum asprosin and omentin levels in women with prediabetes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The objective of present study was to assess the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Glycemic Index (GI), serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-6 (interleukin 6), serum asprosin, and omentin adipokines in prediabetic adult women.

METHODS

The study included a total of 60 women: 30 women with prediabetes, aged 19-50 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m, and 30 healthy women with similar age and BMI as the control group. Dietary data for calculating DII and GI were obtained from food frequency questionnaires and food consumption records, respectively. Serum levels of asprosin, omentin, IL-6, and TNF-α were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between DII scores, glucose metabolism markers, inflammatory markers, the specified adipokines, and the glycemic index.

RESULTS

In the case group, DII scores, GI values, serum asprosin, IL-6, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were found to be significantly higher ( < 0.001, = 0.001, = 0.010, = 0.005, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was found between the case and control groups for serum omentin levels ( = 0.779). In the case group, a significant positive correlation was found between DII and insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and GI ( = 0.365, = 0.047; = 0.440, = 0.015; = 0.512, = 0.004, respectively), but no significant correlation was found with asprosin and omentin ( = 0.292, = 0.117; = 0.337, = 0.069, respectively). However, an increase of one unit in serum asprosin levels in the case group was associated with an increase of 0.421 units in the DII score ( = 6.031, = 0.021, β = 0.421, 95% CI [0.008-0.088], adjusted = 0.148), while an increase of one unit in CRP values in the control group was associated with a 0.472 unit increase in the DII score ( = 8.009, = 0.009, β = 0.472, 95% CI [0.343-2.141], adjusted = 0.195).

CONCLUSIONS

The observed association between increased serum asprosin levels and higher DII scores in prediabetic women may provide preliminary evidence on potential biomarkers for prediabetes, but due to the cross-sectional design of the study, further prospective studies are required to investigate their diagnostic or therapeutic utility. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of serum omentin levels; this may be due to the complexity of the regulation mechanism and requires more detailed investigations.