Perec-Matysiak Agnieszka, Buńkowska-Gawlik Katarzyna, Tomassone Laura, Hildebrand Joanna
Department of Parasitology, University of Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2025 Aug 10;28:101128. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101128. eCollection 2025 Dec.
spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect eukaryotic cells. These agents are transmitted primarily by hard ticks and other hematophagous arthropods, which are the vectors and primary reservoirs of several species. However, in the natural environment, spp. has been identified in wild and domestic mammals, as well as in ticks. This review comprehensively addresses the occurrence of rickettsiae in tissues of wild mammals on a global scale, considering different host groups across continents. DNA has been detected in bats, ungulates, carnivores, rodents and primates, thus underlining the broad spectrum of potential reservoirs. Extant evidence suggests that some may play role in endemic cycles of the bacteria. In Europe, a significant prevalence of DNA has been demonstrated in small rodents, indicating their potential as natural reservoir hosts. Research conducted in Asia and Africa has identified various species in rodents and insectivores, emphasizing their role in zoonotic transmission. The role of mammals as reservoirs of rickettsiae remains to be definitively established.
立克次氏体属是专性细胞内细菌，可感染真核细胞。这些病原体主要通过硬蜱和其他吸血节肢动物传播，而这些节肢动物是几种立克次氏体的传播媒介和主要宿主。然而，在自然环境中，立克次氏体属已在野生和家养哺乳动物以及蜱中被发现。本综述全面探讨了全球范围内野生哺乳动物组织中立克次氏体的存在情况，考虑了各大洲不同的宿主群体。已在蝙蝠、有蹄类动物、食肉动物、啮齿动物和灵长类动物中检测到立克次氏体DNA，从而凸显了潜在宿主的广泛范围。现有证据表明，一些宿主可能在细菌的地方病循环中发挥作用。在欧洲，已证实在小型啮齿动物中立克次氏体DNA的显著流行率，表明它们作为自然宿主的潜力。在亚洲和非洲进行的研究已在啮齿动物和食虫动物中鉴定出各种立克次氏体物种，强调了它们在人畜共患病传播中的作用。哺乳动物作为立克次氏体宿主的作用仍有待最终确定。
