Zhang Yu, Zhao Xiaohua, Bian Yang, Huang Jianling, Yu Duan, Chen Haolin
Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Accid Anal Prev. 2025 Nov;222:108157. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2025.108157. Epub 2025 Sep 1.
The head-up display (HUD) warning system in a connected environment is expected to improve driving behavior and enhance pedestrian crossing safety. While existing research has preliminarily examined the effectiveness of HUD warning system in avoiding pedestrian collisions, scant attention has been given to the microcosmic influence on driving behavior and a precise quantification of its overall benefits, especially in high-risk pedestrian crossing scenarios. To investigate these influences, this study employed driving simulations to construct six connected scenarios: three warning systems (Baseline/head-down display(HDD)/HUD) × two weather conditions (clear weather/foggy weather). Data on the driving behavior of 34 drivers across these scenarios were collected. The whole spatial change process of driving behavior in pedestrian crossing events is described from the microscopic level, and the influence law of warning system and weather conditions on reaction, acceleration and deceleration behavior is analyzed. A comprehensive index system reflecting the safety level of the risk-avoidance stage, the recovery level of the recovery stage and the stability level of the overall stage was constructed to explore impact characteristics and utilities of the three warning systems under different weather conditions. The study found that the speed space variations under HDD and HUD conditions were more gentle compared to Baseline conditions, especially in the HUD group, but there were differences in individual adherence to HDD and HUD systems. The results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation indicated that compared to the Baseline and HDD, the HUD warning system improves the safety level and stability level under clear and foggy weather conditions, but does not have a significant advantage in the recovery level. Specifically, the HUD system enables drivers to react earlier, complete risk avoidance earlier, execute smoother acceleration and deceleration maneuvers, and maintain more stable lateral control. Overall, the HUD warning system helps drivers achieve optimal driving performance in a connected environment, even in more hazardous foggy conditions. The research results can provide support for relevant departments to evaluate and improve HUD system in a targeted manner.
在互联环境中，平视显示器（HUD）警告系统有望改善驾驶行为并提高行人过街安全性。虽然现有研究已初步考察了HUD警告系统在避免行人碰撞方面的有效性，但对其对驾驶行为的微观影响以及整体效益的精确量化关注甚少，尤其是在高风险行人过街场景中。为了研究这些影响，本研究采用驾驶模拟构建了六种互联场景：三种警告系统（基线/低头显示器（HDD）/HUD）×两种天气条件（晴朗天气/雾天）。收集了34名驾驶员在这些场景下的驾驶行为数据。从微观层面描述了行人过街事件中驾驶行为的整个空间变化过程，并分析了警告系统和天气条件对反应、加速和减速行为的影响规律。构建了一个综合指标体系，反映避险阶段的安全水平、恢复阶段的恢复水平和整体阶段的稳定水平，以探讨不同天气条件下三种警告系统的影响特征和效用。研究发现，与基线条件相比，HDD和HUD条件下的速度空间变化更为平缓，尤其是在HUD组，但个体对HDD和HUD系统的依从性存在差异。双向重复测量方差分析和模糊综合评价结果表明，与基线和HDD相比，HUD警告系统在晴朗和雾天条件下提高了安全水平和稳定水平，但在恢复水平上没有显著优势。具体而言，HUD系统使驾驶员能够更早做出反应，更早完成避险，执行更平稳的加速和减速操作，并保持更稳定的横向控制。总体而言，HUD警告系统有助于驾驶员在互联环境中实现最佳驾驶性能，即使在更危险的雾天条件下也是如此。研究结果可为相关部门有针对性地评估和改进HUD系统提供支持。
