Understanding farmer's knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards adopting livestock interventions for food and nutrition security in Bangladesh using latent class analysis.

This study examines farmers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward the adoption of dairy livestock intervention (DLI) to enhance food and nutrition security (FNS) in the Southern Delta region of Bangladesh. A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect 400 cross-sectional survey data via Qualtrics e-survey software. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that DLI such as livestock producer groups (LPGs), village milk collection centers (VMCCs), mobile veterinary clinics (MVCs), dairy hubs (DHs), and capacity building training (CBT) positively impact on household FNS by increasing milk production, improving input and fodder availability, and market linkages. The Livestock and Dairy Development Project (LDDP) in Bangladesh promotes theses interventions to enhance agricultural productivity and market access for smallholder dairy farmers. Farmers' KAP significantly influence household FNS, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to improve dairy productivity and income. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and development partners in designing effective policies and technologies to support smallholder dairy farmers. The study contributes to the literature by focusing on the impact of DLI on FNS in Bangladesh, emphasizing the role of farmers' KAP in driving sustainable dairy development.