Advances of androgen receptor in triple-negative breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive malignancy with high heterogeneity at molecular and genetic levels, which characterized by the absence of effective therapeutic targets and marked resistance to conventional chemotherapy regimens. The androgen receptor (AR) is highly expressed by TNBC tumor cells and plays a vital role on tumor progression. With more research into AR signaling pathways and functions, AR-targeted therapy is becoming a promising treatment strategy. This review synthesizes emerging evidence in AR-related preclinical research and clinical outcomes, including monotherapy and combined strategies based on AR-targeted treatment. Through the comprehensive review, we hope to find novel therapeutic insights for TNBC.