Abdelghany Ahmed M, Zhang Shengrui, Li Jing, Li Bin, Sun Junming
The State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Sep 2;25(1):1189. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07182-6.
Soybean seed physical characteristics are crucial for quality assessment, but the link between these characteristics and biochemical composition across different maturity groups (MGs) remains unclear. This study examined the relationships between seed physical characteristics (color and weight) and biochemical constituents, including oil content (OC), protein content (PC), and fatty acid (FA) composition in 191 diverse soybean accessions across eight MGs (0-VII) at three locations over two years. The results indicated that black-seeded accessions demonstrated a notably higher average of PC (47.33%) and a lower average of OC (15.78%) in contrast to yellow-seeded varieties, which had an average PC and OC of 42.52% and 19.12%, respectively. In addition, larger seeds exhibited increased OC (19.15%) and OA levels (23.27%), whereas smaller seeds revealed higher concentrations of PC (44.23%), LA (55.06%), and LNA (8.53%). Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis, clustering heatmap, and radar plot, demonstrated distinct clustering patterns, exhibiting unique compositional profiles closely linked to seed physical characteristics. Furthermore, MGs exhibited notable correlations with LNA (R² = 0.238) and OC (R² = 0.233), especially in black-seeded and large-seeded accessions. These findings elucidate the complex interaction between seed physical traits and biochemical composition, presenting significant implications for soybean breeding programs aimed at specific quality attributes.
大豆种子的物理特性对于质量评估至关重要，但这些特性与不同成熟组（MGs）的生化组成之间的联系仍不清楚。本研究在两年内于三个地点对八个MGs（0-VII）的191份不同大豆种质进行了研究，考察了种子物理特性（颜色和重量）与生化成分之间的关系，包括油含量（OC）、蛋白质含量（PC）和脂肪酸（FA）组成。结果表明，与黄籽品种相比，黑籽种质的PC平均含量显著更高（47.33%），OC平均含量更低（15.78%），黄籽品种的PC和OC平均含量分别为42.52%和19.12%。此外，较大的种子OC含量（19.15%）和油酸（OA）水平（23.27%）较高，而较小的种子PC（44.23%）、亚油酸（LA）（55.06%）和亚麻酸（LNA）（8.53%）浓度更高。包括主成分分析、聚类热图和雷达图在内的多变量分析显示出明显的聚类模式，呈现出与种子物理特性密切相关的独特组成特征。此外，MGs与LNA（R² = 0.238）和OC（R² = 0.233）表现出显著相关性，尤其是在黑籽和大籽种质中。这些发现阐明了种子物理性状与生化组成之间的复杂相互作用，对旨在培育具有特定品质属性大豆的育种计划具有重要意义。
