Duan Zongbiao, Li Qing, Wang Hong, He Xuemei, Zhang Min
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Mar 7;14:1160418. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160418. eCollection 2023.
As a leading oilseed crop that supplies plant oil and protein for daily human life, increasing yield and improving nutritional quality (high oil or protein) are the top two fundamental goals of soybean breeding. Seed size is one of the most critical factors determining soybean yield. Seed size, oil and protein contents are complex quantitative traits governed by genetic and environmental factors during seed development. The composition and quantity of seed storage reserves directly affect seed size. In general, oil and protein make up almost 60% of the total storage of soybean seed. Therefore, soybean's seed size, oil, or protein content are highly correlated agronomical traits. Increasing seed size helps increase soybean yield and probably improves seed quality. Similarly, rising oil and protein contents improves the soybean's nutritional quality and will likely increase soybean yield. Due to the importance of these three seed traits in soybean breeding, extensive studies have been conducted on their underlying quantitative trait locus (QTLs) or genes and the dissection of their molecular regulatory pathways. This review summarized the progress in functional genome controlling soybean seed size, oil and protein contents in recent decades, and presented the challenges and prospects for developing high-yield soybean cultivars with high oil or protein content. In the end, we hope this review will be helpful to the improvement of soybean yield and quality in the future breeding process.
作为一种为人类日常生活提供植物油和蛋白质的主要油料作物，提高产量和改善营养品质（高油或高蛋白）是大豆育种的两大基本目标。种子大小是决定大豆产量的最关键因素之一。种子大小、油和蛋白质含量是复杂的数量性状，在种子发育过程中受遗传和环境因素控制。种子贮藏物质的组成和数量直接影响种子大小。一般来说，油和蛋白质几乎占大豆种子总贮藏量的60%。因此，大豆的种子大小、油或蛋白质含量是高度相关的农艺性状。增加种子大小有助于提高大豆产量，并可能改善种子品质。同样，提高油和蛋白质含量可改善大豆的营养品质，并可能提高大豆产量。由于这三个种子性状在大豆育种中的重要性，人们对其潜在的数量性状位点（QTL）或基因以及分子调控途径的解析进行了广泛研究。本文综述了近几十年来控制大豆种子大小、油和蛋白质含量的功能基因组学研究进展，并提出了培育高油或高蛋白高产大豆品种面临的挑战和前景。最后，我们希望本文能对未来育种过程中大豆产量和品质的提高有所帮助。
