Meftahizadeh Mohammad, Shahhoseini Reza, Ghanbari Fardin
Department of Horticultural Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Medicinal Plants, Arak University, P.O.Box: 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Sep 2;25(1):1190. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07283-2.
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a globally significant medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family, contains valuable volatile oils, polyphenols, and flavonoids with wide applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This study evaluated salinity stress responses across 13 basil cultivars, quantifying growth, morphological, and biochemical changes under 90 mM NaCl.
Salinity stress (90 mM NaCl) significantly reduced shoot biomass across all cultivars (p < 0.01), with Variegated showing maximum reduction (59.8%) versus Bush/Light Purple cultivars (31%). Essential oil content increased in all cultivars except Dark Opal under 90 mM NaCl (p = 0.003), with Lettuce showing a 12-fold rise (0.05-0.60% v/w), though yield (mL/plant) declined in most cultivars due to biomass reduction. Cluster analysis revealed genotype-specific tolerance mechanisms: Purple cultivars demonstrated specify osmotic adjustment through 58% higher proline accumulation and 33% lower MDA levels than sensitive genotypes.
Bush and Light Purple exhibited superior salt tolerance (31% biomass reduction), ideal for cultivation in saline soils, while Lettuce and Afghan showed enhanced essential oil production (up to 12-fold increase) under 90 mM NaCl, offering potential for phytochemical extraction. The observed diversity in stress responses provides valuable genetic resources for breeding climate-resilient cultivars, supporting sustainable medicinal plant production.
罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）是唇形科一种具有全球重要意义的药用植物，含有有价值的挥发油、多酚和黄酮类化合物，在食品、制药和化妆品行业有广泛应用。本研究评估了13个罗勒品种对盐胁迫的反应，量化了在90 mM NaCl条件下的生长、形态和生化变化。
盐胁迫（90 mM NaCl）显著降低了所有品种的地上部生物量（p < 0.01），杂色品种的降幅最大（59.8%），而布什/浅紫色品种为31%。在90 mM NaCl条件下，除黑opal外，所有品种的精油含量均增加（p = 0.003），生菜的精油含量增加了12倍（0.05 - 0.60% v/w），不过由于生物量减少，大多数品种的产量（mL/株）下降。聚类分析揭示了基因型特异性的耐受机制：紫色品种通过脯氨酸积累比敏感基因型高58%和丙二醛水平低33%表现出特定的渗透调节。
布什和浅紫色品种表现出较强的耐盐性（生物量减少31%），适合在盐渍土壤中种植，而生菜和阿富汗品种在90 mM NaCl条件下精油产量增加（高达12倍），具有植物化学物质提取的潜力。观察到的胁迫反应多样性为培育适应气候变化的品种提供了宝贵的遗传资源，支持可持续的药用植物生产。
