Carulli Eugenio, Marozzi Marialuisa Sveva, Carella Maria Cristina, Guaricci Andrea Igoren, Tarsia Giandomenico, Vacca Angelo, Desantis Vanessa, Cicco Sebastiano
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Bari, Italy.
Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital Matera, Italy.
Card Fail Rev. 2025 Aug 18;11:e21. doi: 10.15420/cfr.2025.02. eCollection 2025.
Heart failure (HF) is closely linked to endothelial dysfunction, which contributes significantly to its progression. Endothelial dysfunction in HF is marked by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, increased oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which impair vascular function. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) - vital for vascular repair - are particularly affected, with their dysfunction further exacerbating HF outcomes. Emerging therapies targeting these mechanisms, including antioxidants, gene therapies enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and EPCbased strategies, hold promise. Recent advances show encouraging results, especially with treatments improving EPC mobilisation and function. Additionally, pharmacological agents such as statins and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors demonstrate pleiotropic benefits, enhancing endothelial health and EPC activity. This review emphasises the therapeutic potential of these approaches, highlighting the critical need for further research to optimise endothelial-targeted treatments and improve outcomes for HF patients.
心力衰竭（HF）与内皮功能障碍密切相关，内皮功能障碍在很大程度上促进了心力衰竭的进展。心力衰竭中的内皮功能障碍表现为一氧化氮生物利用度降低、氧化应激和炎症增加，所有这些都会损害血管功能。对血管修复至关重要的内皮祖细胞（EPCs）受到特别影响，其功能障碍会进一步加重心力衰竭的后果。针对这些机制的新兴疗法，包括抗氧化剂、增强内皮一氧化氮合酶活性的基因疗法和基于内皮祖细胞的策略，具有前景。最近的进展显示出令人鼓舞的结果，特别是在改善内皮祖细胞动员和功能的治疗方面。此外，他汀类药物和钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂等药物具有多效性益处，可增强内皮健康和内皮祖细胞活性。本综述强调了这些方法的治疗潜力，突出了进一步研究以优化内皮靶向治疗并改善心力衰竭患者预后的迫切需求。
