Liu Shi-Long, Zhang Hong-Wei, Zhang Zhen-Ling, Jia Han-Ting, Guo Zhi-Jun, Wang Rui-Sheng, Zhang Hong-Wei, Wang Shuo, Zhong Yi-Jian
Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Research and Development of the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-yao,Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2025 Jul;50(14):3918-3929. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20250321.301.
This study aims to explore the scientific connotation of sinking Rehmanniae Radix has the best quality and compare the quality between floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was employed to detect the chemical components in floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples. The fingerprint of fresh Rehmanniae Radix was established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and four index components were determined simultaneously. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were conducted to compare the quality of floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples. An evaporative light-scattering detector was used to compare the content of five sugars. The extract yield and drying rate were determined, and the quality connotation of sinking Rehmanniae Radix has the best quality was explained by multiple indicators. A total of 41 components were preliminarily identified from fresh Rehmanniae Radix by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, including 7 iridoid glycosides, 9 phenylethanol glycosides, 6 amino acids, 4 sugars, 3 phenolic acids, 5 nucleosides, 3 organic acids, 1 ionone, 1 furan, 1 coumarin, and 1 phenylpropanoid. The results showed that the main chemical components were consistent between floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix. Nine common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of 15 batches of floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples, and the similarity of fingerprints was greater than 0.9. The cluster analysis, PCA, and OPLS-DA classified floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix sasmples into two categories, indicating differences in the quality between them. The total content of catalpol, rehmannioside D, ajugol, and verbascoside in sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples was higher than that in floating samples of the same batch and specification, and the main differential component was catalpol. The total content of fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose in sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples was higher than that in floating samples of the same batch and specification, and the main differential component was stachyose. The extract yield and drying rate of the sinking samples were higher than those of floating samples. This study preliminarily showed that floating and sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples had the same components but great differences in the content of medicinal substance basis. The total content of four glycosides and five sugars, extract yield, and drying rate of sinking fresh Rehmanniae Radix samples is higher than that of floating samples of the same batch and specification. These findings, to a certain extent, explains the scientificity of sinking Rehmanniae Radix has the best quality recorded in ancient books and provide a reference for the quality control and clinical application of fresh Rehmanniae Radix.
本研究旨在探讨“地黄沉者为佳”的科学内涵，并比较浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品的质量。采用超高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）检测浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品中的化学成分。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）建立鲜地黄指纹图谱，并同时测定4种指标成分。采用聚类分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）比较浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品的质量。使用蒸发光散射检测器比较5种糖类的含量。测定提取物得率和干燥速率，并用多指标阐释“地黄沉者为佳”的质量内涵。通过UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS从鲜地黄中初步鉴定出41种成分，包括7种环烯醚萜苷、9种苯乙醇苷、6种氨基酸、4种糖类、3种酚酸、5种核苷、3种有机酸、1种紫罗兰酮、1种呋喃、1种香豆素和1种苯丙素。结果表明，浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品的主要化学成分一致。在15批次浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品的指纹图谱中鉴定出9个共有峰，指纹图谱相似度大于0.9。聚类分析、PCA和OPLS-DA将浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品分为两类，表明二者质量存在差异。沉地黄鲜品中梓醇、地黄苷D、筋骨草苷和毛蕊花糖苷的总含量高于同批次、同规格的浮地黄，主要差异成分为梓醇。沉地黄鲜品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的总含量高于同批次、同规格的浮地黄，主要差异成分为水苏糖。沉地黄的提取物得率和干燥速率高于浮地黄。本研究初步表明，浮地黄与沉地黄鲜品成分相同，但药效物质基础含量差异较大。沉地黄鲜品中4种糖苷、5种糖类的总含量、提取物得率和干燥速率均高于同批次、同规格的浮地黄。这些研究结果在一定程度上阐释了古籍记载“地黄沉者为佳”的科学性，为鲜地黄质量控制及临床应用提供参考。
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