Psohlavec Lukáš, Rogerson Mike, Brtník Tomáš, Baláš Jiří
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2025 Aug 19;16:1597839. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1597839. eCollection 2025.
Despite the widespread use of height exposure in adventure-based programs to foster resilience, effectiveness has largely been evaluated through self-reported measures, with limited objective psychophysiological assessments. This study aimed to identify which physiological stress markers best determine the acute stress response to height. A secondary aim of the study was to assess the concurrent validity of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) questionnaire with ventilatory and heart rate variability (HRV) markers. A total of 55 healthy university students participated in a controlled experiment involving three walks on a log positioned at varying heights (0.3 m and 10.5 m). Psychometric measures were recorded using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised, while physiological responses were monitored through HRV and respiratory markers. High-obstacle conditions significantly increased somatic (↑6.1 ± 5.7; < 0.01) and cognitive anxiety (↑2.9 ± 5.9; < 0.01) while reducing self-confidence (↓3.0 ± 5.6; < 0.01). Based on the effect size ( ), the largest differences between low- and high-height conditions for physiological markers were observed in heart rate (HR) ( = 0.910), ventilation ( = 0.906), oxygen uptake ( = 0.891; < 0.001), and tidal volume (VT) ( = 0.872). Smaller differences were found for HRV markers, including the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) index ( = 0.860) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) index ( = 0.798). Notably, weak correlations were observed between physiological markers and self-reported anxiety measures ( = -0.454 to 0.323), raising questions about the concurrent validity of psychometric tools. The findings suggest that while height exposure induces a pronounced stress response, the combination of HR and respiratory measures with psychological tools provides a more comprehensive understanding of stress coping during height exposure.
尽管在基于冒险的项目中广泛使用高度暴露来培养适应力，但效果主要是通过自我报告的方式进行评估，客观的心理生理评估有限。本研究旨在确定哪些生理应激指标最能确定对高度的急性应激反应。该研究的第二个目的是评估竞争状态焦虑量表-2修订版（CSAI-2R）问卷与通气和心率变异性（HRV）指标的同时效度。共有55名健康大学生参与了一项对照实验，该实验包括在不同高度（0.3米和10.5米）的圆木上进行三次行走。使用竞争状态焦虑量表-2修订版记录心理测量指标，同时通过HRV和呼吸指标监测生理反应。高障碍条件显著增加了躯体焦虑（↑6.1±5.7；<0.01）和认知焦虑（↑2.9±5.9；<0.01），同时降低了自信心（↓3.0±5.6；<0.01）。基于效应量（），生理指标在低高度和高高度条件之间的最大差异出现在心率（HR）（=0.910）、通气（=0.906）、摄氧量（=0.891；<0.001）和潮气量（VT）（=0.872）上。HRV指标的差异较小，包括副交感神经系统（PNS）指数（=0.860）和交感神经系统（SNS）指数（=0.798）。值得注意的是，生理指标与自我报告的焦虑测量之间观察到弱相关性（=-0.454至0.323），这引发了对心理测量工具同时效度的质疑。研究结果表明，虽然高度暴露会引发明显的应激反应，但将HR和呼吸测量与心理工具相结合，可以更全面地了解高度暴露期间的应激应对情况。
