Janczura Jakub, Jończyk Kamil, Nowak Klaudia, Choromański Tymon, Pawliński Jakub, Starnawski Piotr, Woynarowski Marek
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Poland.
Clin Exp Hepatol. 2025 Jun;11(2):97-104. doi: 10.5114/ceh.2025.151583. Epub 2025 Jun 5.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant yet underdiagnosed cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, particularly in pediatric populations. While HEV infection in children is often asymptomatic or mild, it can progress to severe outcomes in immunocompromised patients, such as organ transplant recipients or those undergoing chemotherapy. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are predominantly responsible for waterborne outbreaks in endemic regions, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are associated with zoonotic transmission in developed countries. Emerging evidence also links HEV to extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological, renal, hematological, and pancreatic complications. Diagnosis remains challenging due to frequent asymptomatic presentation and limitations in serological testing, highlighting the importance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection. Although vaccination shows promise, especially in endemic areas, its availability remains limited for pediatric populations. Addressing research gaps and improving surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies are critical for reducing HEV-related morbidity in children.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是急性和慢性肝炎的一个重要但未被充分诊断的病因，在儿童群体中尤为如此。虽然儿童感染HEV通常无症状或症状轻微，但在免疫功能低下的患者中，如器官移植受者或接受化疗的患者，感染可能会发展为严重后果。HEV基因型1和2主要导致流行地区的水源性暴发，而基因型3和4与发达国家的人畜共患病传播有关。新出现的证据还将HEV与肝外表现联系起来，包括神经、肾脏、血液和胰腺并发症。由于频繁出现无症状表现以及血清学检测的局限性，诊断仍然具有挑战性，这凸显了基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测的重要性。尽管疫苗显示出前景，特别是在流行地区，但其在儿童群体中的可及性仍然有限。填补研究空白并改进监测、预防和治疗策略对于降低儿童中与HEV相关的发病率至关重要。
