Seale Lucia A, Yamanaka Ashley B, Hammond Kristi, Lim Eunjung, Wilkens Lynne R, McFall Pauline, Aflague Tanisha F, Coleman Patricia, Fleming Travis, Shallcross Leslie, Deenik Jonathan, Novotny Rachel
Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resilience, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Dec 16;9(1):104531. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104531. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Nutritional intake during childhood can shape health and well-being throughout life. Although excess macronutrient intake is considered the main driver of obesity development, micronutrients, i.e., minerals and vitamins, can potentiate or ameliorate pathological processes of adiposity. Hence, the micronutrient intake relationship to childhood obesity can guide precision approaches to nutritional needs, considering the dietary habits of a population. Childhood obesity is a health disparity throughout the United States-Affiliated Pacific (USAP) region.
The study examined the association between micronutrient intake with body mass index (BMI in kg/m) and the presence of insulin resistance proxy, acanthosis nigricans (AN), in 3529 children aged 2-8 y from the USAP region in the Children's Healthy Living study.
The association of micronutrient intakes with BMI and the presence of AN was stratified by World Bank income groups. Main food sources for micronutrients were also identified from 2 d of food records. Obesity and AN were measured by standardized staff.
Most USAP children did not meet daily intake recommendations for micronutrients, with low intake of calcium, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, excess sodium, vitamin A, folate, and niacin. Obesity was directly associated with thiamin intake and inversely associated with selenium intake. AN was inversely associated with calcium, copper, iron, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin D, and vitamin E intakes and directly associated with selenium and pantothenic acid intake. Micronutrient intake imbalances were most associated with insulin resistance and obesity in lower-middle and high-income groups in the USAP region, respectively.
The profile of micronutrient intake in USAP children and its association with obesity and insulin resistance can be used to provide precision nutrition policy guidance according to the World Bank income group to improve micronutrient intake and curb childhood obesity.
儿童时期的营养摄入会影响一生的健康和幸福。虽然过量的宏量营养素摄入被认为是肥胖发展的主要驱动因素，但微量营养素，即矿物质和维生素，可增强或改善肥胖的病理过程。因此，考虑到人群的饮食习惯，微量营养素摄入与儿童肥胖之间的关系可为精准满足营养需求提供指导。儿童肥胖是整个美属太平洋地区（USAP）的一个健康差异问题。
在“儿童健康生活”研究中，该研究调查了USAP地区3529名2至8岁儿童的微量营养素摄入量与体重指数（BMI，单位为kg/m²）以及胰岛素抵抗指标黑棘皮病（AN）之间的关联。
微量营养素摄入量与BMI及AN之间的关联按世界银行收入组进行分层。还从2天的食物记录中确定了微量营养素的主要食物来源。肥胖和AN由经过标准化培训的工作人员进行测量。
大多数USAP儿童未达到微量营养素的每日摄入建议量，钙、钾、维生素D、维生素E摄入量低，钠、维生素A、叶酸和烟酸摄入量过高。肥胖与硫胺素摄入量直接相关，与硒摄入量呈负相关。AN与钙、铜、铁、磷、钾、核黄素、维生素B6、维生素D和维生素E摄入量呈负相关，与硒和泛酸摄入量呈正相关。微量营养素摄入失衡分别在美国AP地区的中低收入和高收入群体中与胰岛素抵抗和肥胖最为相关。
USAP儿童的微量营养素摄入情况及其与肥胖和胰岛素抵抗的关联可用于根据世界银行收入组提供精准营养政策指导，以改善微量营养素摄入并遏制儿童肥胖。
