Szeifert Noemi Monika, Oláh Barnabás, Sebok Barbara, Gonda Xenia
Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 20;16:1626808. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1626808. eCollection 2025.
This Hungarian cross-sectional study examined patterns and differences in suicide risk factors across various suicidality groups, including individuals with single or multiple suicide attempts, as well as gender-specific variations. Additionally, it explored these risk factors within a biopsychosocial framework to offer a comprehensive understanding of their interconnected effects.
A total of 300 psychiatric inpatients were recruited from Péterfy Sandor Hospital in Budapest, Hungary, including 146 individuals (48.67%) with a history of suicide attempts and 154 (51.33%) without such a history. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 85 years, with a mean age of 37.98 years (SD = 12.80 for suicide attempters, 13.72 for non-attempters). The overall sample comprised 83 males (27.7%) and 217 females (72.3%). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of demographic characteristics, life history variables, and psychiatric diagnoses on suicide risk, aiming to identify significant predictors of suicide attempts within a biopsychosocial framework.
Depression was the most prevalent psychiatric diagnosis in the sample. Significant predictors of suicide attempts included family history of suicide (OR = 2.283, = 0.015), prescription drug misuse (OR = 1.900, = 0.047), and nicotine dependence (OR = 1.869, = 0.035). In repeated suicide attempts, bipolar disorder (OR = 5.761, = 0.006), borderline personality disorder (OR = 5.132, = 0.003), depression (OR = 4.064, = 0.004), and job loss (OR = 4.348, = 0.031) emerged as the strongest predictors. Among men, job loss (OR = 4.074, = 0.014) was a prominent risk factor, while among women, having two or more children (OR = 2.740, = 0.036) and a family history of suicide (OR = 2.459, = 0.028) significantly increased suicide risk. Relationship conflict was also associated with higher risk in women (OR = 0.382, = 0.035).
Our research supports the notion that suicide risk factors interact with one another, and in certain cases, their effects may be synergistic-mutually reinforcing-rather than antagonistic. Similarly, protective factors also appear to amplify each other's impact, suggesting a cumulative and interactive model of both risk and resilience.
这项匈牙利横断面研究考察了不同自杀倾向群体（包括有单次或多次自杀未遂经历的个体）的自杀风险因素模式及差异，以及性别特异性差异。此外，该研究在生物心理社会框架内探究了这些风险因素，以全面理解它们的相互关联效应。
从匈牙利布达佩斯的彼得菲·桑多尔医院招募了300名精神科住院患者，其中146人（48.67%）有自杀未遂史，154人（51.33%）无此类病史。参与者年龄在18至85岁之间，自杀未遂者的平均年龄为37.98岁（标准差=12.80），非自杀未遂者的平均年龄为37.98岁（标准差=13.72）。总体样本包括83名男性（27.7%）和217名女性（72.3%）。进行逻辑回归分析以评估人口统计学特征、生活史变量和精神科诊断对自杀风险的影响，旨在确定生物心理社会框架内自杀未遂的显著预测因素。
抑郁症是样本中最常见的精神科诊断。自杀未遂的显著预测因素包括自杀家族史（比值比=2.283，P=0.015）、处方药滥用（比值比=1.900，P=0.047）和尼古丁依赖（比值比=1.869，P=0.035）。在多次自杀未遂中，双相情感障碍（比值比=5.761，P=0.006）、边缘型人格障碍（比值比=5.132，P=0.003）、抑郁症（比值比=4.064，P=0.004）和失业（比值比=4.348，P=0.031）是最强的预测因素。在男性中，失业（比值比=4.074，P=0.014）是一个突出的风险因素，而在女性中，生育两个或更多孩子（比值比=2.740，P=0.036）和自杀家族史（比值比=2.459，P=0.028）显著增加自杀风险。人际关系冲突在女性中也与较高风险相关（比值比=0.382，P=0.035）。
我们的研究支持自杀风险因素相互作用这一观点，在某些情况下，它们的影响可能是协同的——相互增强——而非拮抗的。同样，保护因素似乎也会放大彼此的影响，这表明风险和恢复力存在累积和交互模型。
