Drawing and mutual storytelling to alleviate anxiety and improve emotional well-being in children in PICU: a randomized controlled trial.

UNLABELLED

This parallel-group randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of drawing and mutual storytelling techniques in reducing anxiety and improving the emotional well-being of children aged 7-12 years in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study was conducted in a city hospital between August 2024 and January 2025, involving 70 children. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 35) or a control group (n = 35). The intervention group received therapeutic communication sessions involving drawing and mutual storytelling techniques, delivered by a trained researcher over two consecutive days, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected using the State Anxiety Scale for Children, the Koppitz Human Figure Drawing Test, and an emotion wheel. Analyses were performed with an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach, using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and Cohen's d effect size calculations. Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed in state anxiety scores between groups (p = 0.312). After the intervention, the mean anxiety score significantly decreased in the intervention group (36.84 ± 9.6) compared to the control group (43.84 ± 8.3; p = 0.002, Cohen's d = 0.78). According to Koppitz test results, feelings of insecurity and inadequacy were significantly lower in the intervention group (36.7%) than in the control group (70.0%; p = 0.010).

CONCLUSION

Therapeutic communication techniques involving drawing and mutual storytelling effectively reduce anxiety and improve emotional well-being in children hospitalized in PICUs. Integrating these interventions into routine nursing care can enhance pediatric patient outcomes.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06956586. Registered on April 25, 2025.

WHAT IS KNOWN

• Children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) experience high levels of anxiety due to invasive procedures, illness severity, and unfamiliar environments. • Therapeutic communication techniques, such as drawing and storytelling, are known to reduce anxiety in hospitalized children in general pediatric wards. • Limited evidence exists regarding the use of these techniques specifically in PICU settings.

WHAT IS NEW

• This study demonstrated that drawing and mutual storytelling techniques significantly reduced anxiety and improved emotional well-being in children aged 7-12 years hospitalized in PICUs. • The interventions led to a clinically significant reduction in state anxiety scores and decreased feelings of insecurity and inadequacy as measured by the Koppitz Human Figure Drawing Test. • Integrating therapeutic communication techniques into routine pediatric intensive care nursing practice is feasible and effective to enhance psychological outcomes for critically ill children.