Alqahtani Saad S, Sultan Muhammad H, Moni Sivakumar S, Ravi Renju, Alshahrani Ali, Menachery Santhosh Joseph
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 3. doi: 10.2174/0127724328391436250902082555.
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are particularly susceptible to AMR due to frequent invasive procedures, extended hospital stays, and the selective pressure exerted by broad-spectrum antibiotics. This review aims to shed light on the current landscape of antibiotic resistance within ICUs of Saudi hospitals. It also explores molecular patterns of bacterial resistance and identifies potential strategies to address this issue. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in implementing these strategies within the Saudi healthcare system.
We conducted a literature search across electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar, until September 30th, 2024, to identify relevant studies. Selected studies were analyzed to extract insights into prevailing bacterial resistance trends in Saudi ICUs and the molecular mechanisms responsible.
Our findings provide an overview of the current state of AMR in Saudi ICUs, including the emergence and prevalence of specific molecular patterns of bacterial resistance. Moreover, it presents potential strategies to combat antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial stewardship programs, infection control measures, and the development of new antibiotics. It also highlights the inherent challenges in implementing these strategies within the unique healthcare landscape of Saudi Arabia.
The increasing emergence and spread of MDR bacteria in Saudi Arabia are attributed to the unoptimized antibiotic use, over-the-counter antibiotics without prescription, a high volume of international travellers, and challenges in adherence to infection control practices. Addressing the challenges and implementing effective prevention strategies are critical to maintaining antibiotic efficacy and combating AMR. Several strategies have been employed by the National AMR Committee, in partnership with WHO, to address antibiotic resistance in intensive care units.
AMR in Saudi ICUs is a pressing concern requiring immediate attention. A multifaceted approach combining surveillance, education, and policy interventions is essential to overcome this issue. Addressing AMR is crucial for global efforts to preserve the efficacy of antibiotics and maintain the effectiveness of critical healthcare interventions.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）对全球健康构成重大威胁，导致发病率、死亡率上升以及医疗成本增加。重症监护病房（ICU）由于频繁进行侵入性操作、住院时间延长以及广谱抗生素施加的选择压力，特别容易受到AMR的影响。本综述旨在阐明沙特医院ICU内抗生素耐药性的现状。它还探讨了细菌耐药性的分子模式，并确定应对这一问题的潜在策略。此外，它讨论了在沙特医疗系统中实施这些策略所面临的挑战。
我们在包括科学网、PubMed、EMBASE、Scopus和谷歌学术在内的电子数据库中进行了文献检索，直至2024年9月30日，以识别相关研究。对选定的研究进行分析，以提取有关沙特ICU中主要细菌耐药趋势及其分子机制的见解。
我们的研究结果概述了沙特ICU中AMR的现状，包括细菌耐药性特定分子模式的出现和流行情况。此外，它还提出了对抗生素耐药性的潜在策略，包括抗菌药物管理计划、感染控制措施以及新型抗生素的研发。它还强调了在沙特阿拉伯独特的医疗环境中实施这些策略所固有的挑战。
沙特阿拉伯耐多药细菌的不断出现和传播归因于抗生素使用未优化、无处方的非处方抗生素、大量国际旅行者以及遵守感染控制措施方面的挑战。应对这些挑战并实施有效的预防策略对于维持抗生素疗效和对抗AMR至关重要。国家AMR委员会与世界卫生组织合作，采用了多种策略来应对重症监护病房中的抗生素耐药性问题。
沙特ICU中的AMR是一个紧迫问题，需要立即关注。结合监测、教育和政策干预的多方面方法对于克服这一问题至关重要。应对AMR对于全球保护抗生素疗效和维持关键医疗干预有效性的努力至关重要。
