Sukhova Z I, Ivanitskaia V V, Makarova L F, Poluéktova B P, Iazvikov V V
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1985 Dec;89(12):87-90.
An electron microscopical and histochemical investigation of bioptates obtained from the external broad femoral muscle of 74 sportsmen-skaters has been performed. Structural adaptation of the muscles to speed loadings and to endurance loadings has been analysed taking into consideration contents of muscle fibers (MF) of various type. Peculiarities in ultrastructural organization of the skeletal MF in the sprinter- and stayer-skaters, who undergo training according to a special program, are described; the character of the muscle changes is also followed in the sportsmen who undergo training according to the program that does not correspond to the contents of their MF. Lesions in the latter up to the necrotic ones are mostly found in the muscles of the stayer-skaters, as well as in the sprinters trained according to the stayer program. Presence of essential destructive alterations of the muscles in the skaters, especially in those whose contents of slow muscles do not correspond to their specialization, demonstrates, evidently, the fact that the given physical loading is not adequate to the functional or potential possibilities of the organism.
对74名速滑运动员大腿外侧阔肌活检组织进行了电子显微镜和组织化学研究。考虑到不同类型肌纤维（MF）的含量，分析了肌肉对速度负荷和耐力负荷的结构适应性。描述了按照特殊训练计划进行训练的短跑和耐力速滑运动员骨骼肌MF超微结构组织的特点；同时也观察了按照不符合其MF类型的训练计划进行训练的运动员的肌肉变化特征。在耐力速滑运动员以及按照耐力运动员计划训练的短跑运动员的肌肉中，大多发现了直至坏死的病变。显然，速滑运动员肌肉存在严重的破坏性改变，尤其是那些慢肌含量与其专项不相符的运动员，这表明给定的体力负荷与机体的功能或潜在能力不匹配。
