Ghannam Ibrahim Amer
Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Palestine.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2025 Sep 5;11:23779608251376516. doi: 10.1177/23779608251376516. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
Blood supply shortages remain a pressing global health issue, particularly in resource-limited regions. The West Bank region in Palestine, characterized by frequent conflicts and instability, faces additional challenges due to its fragile healthcare system, where a substantial proportion of blood donations still relies on family-replacement donors rather than voluntary donations.
This study examines changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to blood donation among Palestinians from 2022 to 2025, aiming to guide strategies for a sustainable voluntary donation system.
A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted in two phases during January to February 2022 and 2025 using cluster sampling, involving 1,270 adults (626 in 2022; 644 in 2025). Electronic questionnaires on KAP were distributed digitally. KAP scores, demographics, and donation behaviors were analyzed with t-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression to evaluate trends and predictors.
Blood donation knowledge improved from 47.1% in 2022 to 50.9% in 2025 ( < .001). Positive attitudes were reported by 93.4% of participants, yet 77% had never donated. Voluntary donations accounted for 43.2% of donations, while family-replacement donations remained significant at 34.2%. Males were twice as likely to donate as females (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-2.6; < .001). Unemployed individuals (adjusted OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2; = .024) and general workers (adjusted OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-4.7; < .001) donated more frequently than health professionals. Lack of opportunity was the main barrier to blood donation for 65.9% of nondonors.
Despite knowledge gains and positive attitudes, a significant gap remains between positive attitudes and actual donation rates, with family-replacement donations still comprising a substantial share. Targeted educational campaigns, improved access to donation facilities, and community engagement with healthcare stakeholders are essential to promoting voluntary donations in resource-limited and conflict-affected regions.
血液供应短缺仍然是一个紧迫的全球健康问题，特别是在资源有限的地区。巴勒斯坦的约旦河西岸地区，由于冲突频繁和局势不稳定，其脆弱的医疗系统面临着额外的挑战，在该地区，相当一部分献血仍依赖家庭替代献血者而非自愿献血者。
本研究调查了2022年至2025年期间巴勒斯坦人在献血知识、态度和行为（KAP）方面的变化，旨在为可持续自愿献血系统的策略提供指导。
在2022年1月至2月和2025年分两个阶段进行了一项比较横断面调查，采用整群抽样，涉及1270名成年人（2022年626名；2025年644名）。通过数字方式分发了关于KAP的电子问卷。使用t检验、卡方检验和二元逻辑回归分析KAP得分、人口统计学和献血行为，以评估趋势和预测因素。
献血知识从2022年的47.1%提高到2025年的50.9%（P<0.001）。93.4%的参与者表示态度积极，但77%的人从未献过血。自愿献血占献血的43.2%，而家庭替代献血仍占34.2%，占比依然很高。男性献血的可能性是女性的两倍（调整后的优势比[OR]=2.0，95%置信区间[CI]：1.5-2.6；P<0.001）。失业者（调整后的OR=1.9，95%CI：1.1-3.2；P=0.024）和普通工人（调整后的OR=2.7，95%CI：1.5-4.7；P<0.001）比卫生专业人员更频繁地献血。65.9%的未献血者表示缺乏机会是献血的主要障碍。
尽管知识有所增加且态度积极，但积极态度与实际献血率之间仍存在显著差距，家庭替代献血仍占很大比例。有针对性的教育活动、改善献血设施的可及性以及社区与医疗利益相关者的参与对于在资源有限和受冲突影响的地区促进自愿献血至关重要。
