Zhu Rui, Song Yang, Newman Galen
Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University.
Environ Plan B Urban Anal City Sci. 2025 Mar 4. doi: 10.1177/23998083251325909.
Urban green space disparities persist amid rapid urbanization, widening the supply-demand gap between parks and developed area. Population density is a critical determinant in estimating park visitors, defining suitable park locations, and allocating facilities for park accessibility. Conventionally, population density data were used as a foundational basis for urban green space planning decisions, often derived from sources like the US Census Bureau, primarily reflecting "nighttime residential" distribution. However, this approach fails to capture the dynamic urban life where daily routines and mobility significantly shape park usage. This study bridges this gap by exploring the relationship between daytime and nighttime mobility patterns and their influence on park visitations across diverse park types during weekdays, using Austin, TX as study area. Methodologically, we employ a fixed effects regression analysis integrating longitudinal data from SafeGraph for park visitation and LandScan USA for daytime-to-nighttime population density ratios, within 1 km buffers around each park. Control variables encompass socio-economic factors at the block group scale, park attributes, and weather conditions. Findings suggest that neighborhood and pocket parks demonstrate positive associations with daytime population density, while district and metropolitan parks exhibit stronger ties with nighttime population density. Further, median age, unemployment rate, and higher education attainment exhibit positive correlations with park visitation, especially during daytime. Park amenities, especially playgrounds and water features, significantly contribute to increased visitation across all park types. The findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers and urban planners, informing the reimagining of park distribution strategies, optimizing facilities, and fostering inclusive park spaces accessibility.
在快速城市化进程中，城市绿地差距依然存在，公园与发达地区之间的供需差距不断扩大。人口密度是估算公园游客数量、确定合适公园位置以及分配公园可达设施的关键决定因素。传统上，人口密度数据被用作城市绿地规划决策的基础依据，通常来源于美国人口普查局等机构，主要反映“夜间居住”分布情况。然而，这种方法无法捕捉到动态的城市生活，日常活动和出行模式对公园使用有着重大影响。本研究以得克萨斯州奥斯汀市为研究区域，通过探讨工作日期间白天和夜间出行模式之间的关系及其对不同类型公园游客数量的影响，填补了这一空白。在方法上，我们采用固定效应回归分析，整合了来自SafeGraph的公园游客数量纵向数据以及来自美国土地扫描（LandScan USA）的白天至夜间人口密度比率数据，数据范围为每个公园周围1公里缓冲区内。控制变量包括街区组层面的社会经济因素、公园属性和天气状况。研究结果表明，邻里公园和袖珍公园与白天人口密度呈正相关，而区级公园和都市公园与夜间人口密度的联系更为紧密。此外，年龄中位数、失业率和高等教育程度与公园游客数量呈正相关，尤其是在白天。公园设施，特别是游乐场和水景，对所有类型公园的游客数量增加有显著贡献。这些研究结果为政策制定者和城市规划者提供了有价值的指导，有助于重新构想公园分布策略、优化设施并促进包容性公园空间的可达性。
