帕金森病患者手写困难系统筛查（SOS）测试意大利语版本的结构效度、评分者内信度和评分者间信度。
Construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the systematic screening of handwriting difficulties (SOS) test in people with Parkinson's disease.
作者信息
Corbetta Davide, Sarasso Elisabetta, Gardoni Andrea, Zenere Lucia, Balestrino Roberta, Smits-Engelsman Bouwien, Pelosin Elisa, Filippi Massimo, Agosta Federica
机构信息
Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
出版信息
J Neurol. 2025 Sep 8;272(9):620. doi: 10.1007/s00415-025-13365-w.
BACKGROUND
The "Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties in Parkinson's Disease" (SOS) test is the only tool specifically designed to evaluate handwriting in people with Parkinson's Disease (pwPD). It is language specific.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the construct validity, intrarater and interrater reliability of the Italian version of the SOS test.
METHODS
Thirty-five pwPD and 15 healthy controls (HC) completed the Italian version of the SOS test. Participants copied an Italian text for 5 min on blank paper using a pen. Two independent raters evaluated writing speed, letter size, and handwriting quality according to the SOS test criteria. Correlations between the Italian SOS test scores, fine motor skills, and PD characteristics were analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient (ρ). Group comparisons were adjusted for education level using ANCOVA. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or Kendall's Tau (Kτ) coefficient depending on data distribution.
RESULTS
The Italian version of the SOS test showed significant correlations between writing speed and fine motor skills in pwPD (ρ = 0.40; p = 0.016). PwPD showed significantly smaller letter size (ηp = 0.15; p = 0.006), lower writing speed (ηp = 0.18; p = 0.002), and lower writing quality (ηp = 0.12; p = 0.015) compared to HC. Intrarater reliability was excellent (ICCs > 0.990 and Kτ > 0.762 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.923 for HC), as was interrater reliability (ICCs > 0.860 and Kτ = 0.999 for pwPD; ICCs > 0.925 for HC).
CONCLUSION
The Italian version of the SOS test is a valid and reliable tool for clinically assessing handwriting in Italian-speaking pwPD.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ : NCT04876352, prospectively registered on May 6th 2021.
背景
“帕金森病笔迹困难系统筛查”（SOS）测试是专门设计用于评估帕金森病患者（pwPD）笔迹的唯一工具。它具有语言特异性。
目的
评估SOS测试意大利语版本的结构效度、评分者内信度和评分者间信度。
方法
35名pwPD患者和15名健康对照者（HC）完成了SOS测试意大利语版本。参与者使用钢笔在空白纸上抄写一篇意大利语文本5分钟。两名独立的评分者根据SOS测试标准评估书写速度、字母大小和笔迹质量。使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数（ρ）分析意大利语SOS测试分数、精细运动技能和帕金森病特征之间的相关性。使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）对教育水平进行组间比较调整。根据数据分布，使用组内相关系数（ICC）或肯德尔tau系数（Kτ）计算评分者内信度和评分者间信度。
结果
SOS测试意大利语版本显示，pwPD患者的书写速度与精细运动技能之间存在显著相关性（ρ = 0.40；p = 0.016）。与HC相比，pwPD患者的字母明显更小（ηp = 0.15；p = 0.006），书写速度更低（ηp = 0.18；p = 0.002），笔迹质量更低（ηp = 0.12；p = 0.015）。评分者内信度极佳（pwPD患者的ICCs > 0.990且Kτ > 0.762；HC的ICCs > 0.923），评分者间信度也是如此（pwPD患者的ICCs > 0.860且Kτ = 0.999；HC的ICCs > 0.925）。
结论
SOS测试意大利语版本是临床上评估说意大利语的pwPD患者笔迹的有效且可靠的工具。
临床试验注册
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ：NCT04876352，于2021年5月6日进行前瞻性注册。
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