Diabetes mellitus and hypertension care in Bidur Municipality, Nuwakot District, Nepal: A cross-sectional study.

Chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN), are growing public health concerns globally, with notably low management rates in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the care-related outcomes of DM and HTN in Bidur Municipality, Nepal. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bidur Municipality in Nuwakot District of Nepal. A convenient sampling method was used to select 3183 households, and 1 preferably the head of the household ≥18 years, was interviewed. Data were collected using a Nepali-translated questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, health-seeking behavior, insurance, substance use, family history, and screening, diagnosis, and treatment for both DM and HTN. Multiple logistic regression was applied to examine associations between care-related outcomes and explanatory variables. Among 3183 participants, 43% had ever been screened for DM and 65% for HTN. Of those screened, 68% had DM screening, and 82% had blood pressure checks within the past 6 months. The prevalence of DM and HTN was 18.7% and 26.1%, respectively. Among those diagnosed, 74.3% with DM and 76% with HTN were receiving treatment, with continuation rates of 98.4% and 97%, respectively. DM screening was significantly associated with age, ethnicity, family history, and insurance; diagnosis with age, ethnicity, and family history; and treatment adherence with family history. HTN screening was linked to age, family size, and family history; diagnosis to older age, family type, and family history; and adherence to treatment to age, ethnicity, family history, and insurance. Screening rates for DM and HTN were higher in Bidur Municipality compared to that of the national data. However, disparities persist, particularly among certain ethnic groups and uninsured individuals, who have lower screening rates. Older age and a positive family history consistently predicted screening, diagnosis, and treatment adherence for both conditions.