Widowati Wahyu, Nur Sabrina Adilah Hafizha, Sutendi Annisa Firdaus, Zahiroh Fadhilah Haifa, Wargasetia Teresa Liliana, Nainggolan Ita Margaretha, Rismani Elham, Vosough Massoud
Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, Indonesia.
Aretha Medika Utama, Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Bandung 40163, Indonesia.
Adv Pharm Bull. 2025 Jun 2;15(2):314-325. doi: 10.34172/apb.025.43855. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a pathological condition resulting from a chronic inflammatory response to multiple etiological factors, including viral infections, excessive alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders. The important role of macrophages in this process, especially the M2 subtype, has attracted attention as a potential target for macrophage-based immunotherapy. M2 macrophages have anti-inflammatory and reparative properties that enable them to modulate the immune response and facilitate repairing damaged tissues. They participate in reducing fibrogenic features in term of gene expression and histological markers associated with LF. These cells phagocytose apoptotic cells and matrix components. M2 macrophage-based immunotherapy has shown great potential in ameliorating LF through mechanisms involving the IL-10/STAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathways, which are essential in suppressing the pro-inflammatory response and supporting tissue regeneration. However, significant challenges such as individual resistance to therapy and the potential for promoting fibrosis suggest that further development and research are needed to optimize the safety and efficacy of this therapy in clinical applications. This study provides comprehensive insights into the role of M2 macrophages in LF and explores their potential as an innovative therapeutic approach in treating LF.
肝纤维化（LF）是一种由对多种病因（包括病毒感染、过量饮酒和代谢紊乱）的慢性炎症反应导致的病理状态。巨噬细胞在这一过程中的重要作用，尤其是M2亚型，作为基于巨噬细胞的免疫治疗的潜在靶点已受到关注。M2巨噬细胞具有抗炎和修复特性，使其能够调节免疫反应并促进受损组织的修复。它们参与减少与肝纤维化相关的基因表达和组织学标志物方面的纤维化特征。这些细胞吞噬凋亡细胞和基质成分。基于M2巨噬细胞的免疫治疗通过涉及IL-10/STAT3和TGF-β/SMAD信号通路的机制在改善肝纤维化方面已显示出巨大潜力，这些信号通路在抑制促炎反应和支持组织再生中至关重要。然而，诸如个体对治疗的抵抗以及促进纤维化的可能性等重大挑战表明，需要进一步开展研究以优化该治疗在临床应用中的安全性和有效性。本研究全面深入地探讨了M2巨噬细胞在肝纤维化中的作用，并探索了它们作为治疗肝纤维化的创新治疗方法的潜力。
