Michalko Radek
Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
J Anim Ecol. 2025 Sep 9. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.70129.
Research Highlight: Chen, J., Wang, M. Q., Luo, A., Zhang, F., Chesters, D., Liu, S., Li, Y., von Oheimb, G., Kunz, M., Zhou, Q. S., Bruelheide, H., Liu, X., Ma, K., Schuldt, A., & Zhu, C. D. (2025). Bottom-up and top-down effects combine to drive predator-prey interactions in a forest biodiversity experiment. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70103. Habitat structure influences predator-prey and predator-predator interactions and may interact with predator diversity to determine food-web dynamics. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated how habitat structure and predator diversity jointly shape the predator-prey network. Using molecular analysis of spider gut content, Chen et al. (2025) investigated how various measures of tree diversity and spider phylogenetic diversity shaped the spider-prey network. The spider-prey network was characterized by prey richness, generality, vulnerability and niche overlap in young forest canopies. When considering all spiders together, both tree and spider diversity led to increased prey richness, prey vulnerability and niche overlap, but generality was consistent. However, when spiders were divided into two foraging guilds, web-builders and hunters, the factors driving the food-web structure varied between them. Although both spider diversity and habitat structure affected the spider-prey network, their relative importance differed between the two guilds. For web-builders, phylogenetic diversity was the main driver and high phylogenetic diversity of spiders led to an increase in prey richness, generality, prey vulnerability and niche overlap. For hunting spiders, the tree vertical diversity was an important factor shaping the network structure and higher vertical diversity led to a reduction in prey richness and diet breadth. Overall, the results show that the bottom-up effect of tree diversity and the top-down effect of spider diversity combined to jointly determine the structure of the spider-prey network. However, the impact of tree diversity and phylogenetic diversity of spiders on the structure of the spider-prey network was conditioned by a measure of tree diversity and spider foraging guilds. The results have important implications for forest management, and foresters should aim to maintain heterogeneous forests rather than simple monocultures to enhance predation pressure by spiders on pests and to ensure ecosystem resilience.
陈，J.，王，M.Q.，罗，A.，张，F.，切斯特斯，D.，刘，S.，李，Y.，冯·奥海姆，G.，昆茨，M.，周，Q.S.，布鲁尔海德，H.，刘，X.，马，K.，舒尔特，A.，&朱，C.D.（2025年）。在一项森林生物多样性实验中，自下而上和自上而下的效应共同驱动捕食者与猎物的相互作用。《动物生态学杂志》。https://doi.org/10.1111/1365 - 2656.70103。栖息地结构影响捕食者与猎物以及捕食者与捕食者之间的相互作用，并且可能与捕食者多样性相互作用以决定食物网动态。然而，仅有有限数量的研究调查了栖息地结构和捕食者多样性如何共同塑造捕食者 - 猎物网络。通过对蜘蛛肠道内容物的分子分析，陈等人（2025年）研究了树木多样性的各种指标和蜘蛛系统发育多样性如何塑造蜘蛛 - 猎物网络。蜘蛛 - 猎物网络的特征在于幼龄林冠层中猎物的丰富度、普遍性、易受攻击性和生态位重叠。当将所有蜘蛛视为一个整体时，树木和蜘蛛的多样性均导致猎物丰富度、猎物易受攻击性和生态位重叠增加，但普遍性保持一致。然而，当蜘蛛被分为两个觅食类群，即结网蜘蛛和游猎蜘蛛时，驱动食物网结构的因素在它们之间有所不同。尽管蜘蛛多样性和栖息地结构均影响蜘蛛 - 猎物网络，但它们的相对重要性在两个类群之间存在差异。对于结网蜘蛛而言，系统发育多样性是主要驱动因素，蜘蛛的高系统发育多样性导致猎物丰富度、普遍性、猎物易受攻击性和生态位重叠增加。对于游猎蜘蛛，树木垂直多样性是塑造网络结构的一个重要因素，更高的垂直多样性导致猎物丰富度和食物宽度降低。总体而言，结果表明树木多样性的自下而上效应和蜘蛛多样性的自上而下效应共同决定了蜘蛛 - 猎物网络的结构。然而，树木多样性和蜘蛛系统发育多样性对蜘蛛 - 猎物网络结构的影响受到树木多样性指标和蜘蛛觅食类群的制约。这些结果对森林管理具有重要意义，并且林业工作者应旨在维持异质森林而非简单的单一栽培，以增强蜘蛛对害虫的捕食压力并确保生态系统的恢复力。
