The role and mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumors globally. Historically, the incidence of colorectal cancer in China has been lower than that in developed European and American countries; however, recent trends indicate a rising incidence due to changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle. Lipids serve critical roles in human physiology, such as energy provision, cell membrane formation, signaling molecule function, and hormone synthesis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is strongly associated with various metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes, as well as tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Lipid metabolism significantly contributes to cancer development by facilitating biofilm synthesis, supplying substrates for biomass production, and activating signaling pathways linked to cancer cell proliferation and migration. This narrative review summarizes recent advancements in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer, evaluates potential molecular targets, and highlights relevant clinical trials. All relevant literature was retrieved through a comprehensive search of the PubMed database.