Bucholc Magda, O'Doherty Mark G, Bradley Declan T
Public Health Agency, Belfast, UK.
Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2025 Sep;19(9):e70149. doi: 10.1111/irv.70149.
We evaluated the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine programme against infection among emergency hospital admissions with respiratory conditions in Northern Ireland during the 2023/2024 influenza season.
Using a test-negative design, we compared the odds of vaccination between patients who tested positive (cases) and negative (controls) for laboratory-confirmed influenza, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age group, sex and time since vaccination.
We included 2368 hospitalised patients, of whom 1740 (73.5%) were influenza positive. Among these, 1703 (97.9%) were influenza A and 37 (2.1%) were influenza B. Of the influenza A-positive specimens, 84 were A(H1), 268 A(H3) and 1351 were untyped influenza A. VE against all laboratory-confirmed influenza was 47.5% (95% CI: 31.3%-60.1%), including 65.2% (95% CI: 44.2%-78.6%) in children aged 2-17, 46% (95% CI: 7.8%-68.2%) in adults 18-64 and 39.5% (95% CI: 4.8%-62.1%) in adults aged 65 and over. VE against infection for influenza A was 45.8% (95% CI: 25.1%-61%) in all age groups, but 64.7% (95% CI: 42.6%-78.6%) among children aged 2-17, 43.9% (95% CI: 3.7%-67.1%) among adults aged 18-64 years old and 39.6% (95% CI: 5%-62.1%) in adults aged ≥ 65 years. Being vaccinated was associated with 44.2% (95% CI: -13.3%-73.1%) and 37.9% (95% CI: 5.5%-59.5%) reduced odds of influenza A(H1) and A(H3)-associated community-acquired emergency admissions. VE against infection for influenza B was 87.2% (95% CI: 43.1%-98.3%). VE was highest within 2-8 weeks of vaccination at 67.5% (95% CI: 42.7%-81.7%) and declined to 41.2% (95% CI: 14.8%-59.5%) at 9-16 weeks.
Influenza vaccines provided protection against influenza-associated illness across age groups during the 2023/2024 influenza season.
我们评估了2023/2024流感季节期间，流感疫苗接种计划对北爱尔兰因呼吸道疾病紧急入院患者感染的预防效果。
采用检测阴性设计，我们比较了实验室确诊流感检测呈阳性（病例）和阴性（对照）患者的疫苗接种几率，并对混杂因素进行了调整。疫苗效力按年龄组、性别和接种后的时间进行分层。
我们纳入了2368名住院患者，其中1740名（73.5%）流感检测呈阳性。其中，1703名（97.9%）为甲型流感，37名（2.1%）为乙型流感。在甲型流感阳性样本中，84份为A(H1)型，268份为A(H3)型，1351份为未分型甲型流感。针对所有实验室确诊流感的疫苗效力为47.5%（95%置信区间：31.3%-60.1%），其中2至17岁儿童为65.2%（95%置信区间：44.2%-78.6%），18至64岁成年人中为46%（95%置信区间：7.8%-68.2%），65岁及以上成年人中为39.5%（95%置信区间：4.8%-62.1%）。所有年龄组针对甲型流感感染的疫苗效力为45.8%（95%置信区间：25.1%-61%），但2至17岁儿童中为64.7%（95%置信区间：42.6%-78.6%），18至64岁成年人中为43.9%（95%置信区间：3.7%-67.1%），65岁及以上成年人中为39.6%（95%置信区间：5%-62.1%）。接种疫苗与A(H1)型和A(H3)型流感相关社区获得性紧急入院几率分别降低44.2%（95%置信区间：-13.3%-73.1%）和37.9%（95%置信区间：5.5%-59.5%）相关。针对乙型流感感染的疫苗效力为87.2%（95%置信区间：43.1%-98.3%）。接种疫苗后2至8周内疫苗效力最高，为67.5%（95%置信区间：42.7%-81.7%），9至16周时降至41.2%（95%置信区间：14.8%-59.5%）。
在2023/2024流感季节，流感疫苗在各年龄组中都对流感相关疾病起到了预防作用。
