Zha Ling, Kitamura Tetsuhisa, Yamaji Taiki, Iwasaki Motoki, Inoue Manami, Tsugane Shoichiro, Sawada Norie
Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka.
Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2025;30:68. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.25-00186.
Pneumonia is a major global public health concern. Taking antioxidant nutrients has attracted attention for their potential role in reducing pneumonia mortality. Although studies in Western countries have evaluated this association, the current evidence remains controversial, and research in Asia remains limited. This cohort study investigated the association between dietary antioxidant nutrients intake and pneumonia mortality in Japanese population.
Data were collected from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study between 1995 and 1998, with follow-up until the end of 2018. The intake of antioxidant nutrients was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and p-trends for pneumonia mortality, adjusting for potential confounding factors including age, area, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, postmenopausal status, occupation, coffee intake, green tea intake, antihypertensive medication use, vitamin-supplement use, and total energy intake.
The analysis included data from 39,850 men and 46,705 women. Over a median follow-up of 20.8 years, 813 men and 477 women died from pneumonia. The multivariable model revealed that a higher intake of cryptoxanthin (p-trend = 0.027 in men; 0.019 in women), lycopene (p-trend = 0.016 in women), vitamin C (p-trend = 0.022 in men), and vitamin E (p-trend = 0.031 in women) was significantly associated with a reduction in pneumonia mortality.
Higher dietary intake of cryptonxanthin, lycopene, and vitamins C and E was associated with a low risk of pneumonia mortality in Japanese adults.
肺炎是全球主要的公共卫生问题。摄入抗氧化营养素因其在降低肺炎死亡率方面的潜在作用而受到关注。尽管西方国家的研究已评估了这种关联，但目前的证据仍存在争议，且亚洲的相关研究仍然有限。这项队列研究调查了日本人群饮食中抗氧化营养素摄入量与肺炎死亡率之间的关联。
数据收集自1995年至1998年开展的基于日本公共卫生中心的前瞻性研究，并随访至2018年底。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估抗氧化营养素的摄入量。采用Cox比例风险模型计算肺炎死亡率的风险比（HRs）和p趋势，并对包括年龄、地区、体重指数、吸烟状况、饮酒量、身体活动、绝经后状态、职业、咖啡摄入量、绿茶摄入量、抗高血压药物使用、维生素补充剂使用和总能量摄入量等潜在混杂因素进行调整。
分析纳入了39,850名男性和46,705名女性的数据。在中位随访20.8年期间，813名男性和477名女性死于肺炎。多变量模型显示，较高的隐黄质摄入量（男性p趋势=0.027；女性0.019）、番茄红素摄入量（女性p趋势=0.016）、维生素C摄入量（男性p趋势=0.022）和维生素E摄入量（女性p趋势=0.031）与肺炎死亡率降低显著相关。
在日本成年人中，较高的饮食中隐黄质、番茄红素以及维生素C和E的摄入量与较低的肺炎死亡风险相关。
