Jha Rohan, Spanehl Lennard, Chen Jason A, Gessler Florian A, Arnaout Omar, Valdes Pablo A, Choi Bryan D, Peruzzi Pier Paolo, Bernstock Joshua D, Chiocca Ennio A
Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
Neurooncol Adv. 2025 Sep 9;7(Suppl 4):iv72-iv83. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaf051. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Glioblastoma (GBM) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to the limited efficacy of current treatments. This resistance is multifactorial, stemming from tumor heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and the restrictive blood-brain barrier, which limits therapeutic access. In response, immunotherapies, particularly tumor vaccines, have emerged as strategies to harness the immune system against these tumors. This review provides an overview of recent advancements and notable clinical trials in tumor vaccine development for GBM. Additionally, it discusses recent preclinical advancements focused on enhancing immune recruitment and response. Identified strategies include peptide, cellular, and nucleic acid vaccines targeting tumor-specific antigens to induce antitumor T-cell responses. Clinical data and preclinical studies exploring various vaccine candidates, adjuvants, and delivery methods demonstrate encouraging results, with some showing improved progression-free and overall survival rates. Despite these advancements, it is clear that further research into personalized vaccines and combination therapies is necessary to enhance immune responses and improve clinical outcomes.
由于当前治疗效果有限，胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）带来了重大的治疗挑战。这种耐药性是多因素的，源于肿瘤异质性、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境以及限制治疗药物进入的血脑屏障。作为应对措施，免疫疗法，尤其是肿瘤疫苗，已成为利用免疫系统对抗这些肿瘤的策略。本综述概述了GBM肿瘤疫苗开发的最新进展和显著的临床试验。此外，还讨论了近期专注于增强免疫募集和反应的临床前进展。已确定的策略包括针对肿瘤特异性抗原的肽疫苗、细胞疫苗和核酸疫苗，以诱导抗肿瘤T细胞反应。探索各种候选疫苗、佐剂和递送方法的临床数据和临床前研究显示出令人鼓舞的结果，一些研究显示无进展生存率和总生存率有所提高。尽管取得了这些进展，但显然有必要进一步研究个性化疫苗和联合疗法，以增强免疫反应并改善临床结果。
