Chen Keda, Gu Siyi, Li Jiaxuan, Xu Yutong, Wang Zhiyi, Zhang Yanjun, Li Jianhua
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs, Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection, Pathogenesis Research, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Aug 27;16:1655819. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1655819. eCollection 2025.
Vaccines are a fundamental tool in the prevention and control of infectious diseases; however, significant individual variability in immunogenicity exists. This variability is not solely attributable to vaccine characteristics but is also influenced by a range of factors. This review systematically examines the key factors influencing vaccine immunogenicity, with particular emphasis on host-intrinsic factors (e.g., metabolic status, genetic background), personalized external interventions, such as optimized vaccine delivery techniques (e.g., aspiration-based skin delivery) and immunomodulatory adjuvant therapies (e.g., acupuncture, moxibustion, and near-infrared light therapy), as well as environmental exposures and immune memory. By examining the mechanisms and recent research advancements associated with these factors, this paper seeks to provide a foundation for the development of personalized vaccination strategies to address future public health challenges.
疫苗是预防和控制传染病的基本工具；然而，免疫原性存在显著的个体差异。这种差异不仅归因于疫苗特性，还受到一系列因素的影响。本综述系统地研究了影响疫苗免疫原性的关键因素，特别强调宿主内在因素（如代谢状态、遗传背景）、个性化外部干预措施，如优化的疫苗递送技术（如基于抽吸的皮肤递送）和免疫调节辅助疗法（如针灸、艾灸和近红外光疗法），以及环境暴露和免疫记忆。通过研究与这些因素相关的机制和最新研究进展，本文旨在为制定个性化疫苗接种策略奠定基础，以应对未来的公共卫生挑战。
