Yang Weiping, Zhou Qing, Porcel Jose M, Wang Jun, Wu Chengxiang, Zavialov Andrey V
International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
Henan IVD Biotechnology, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Aug 27;16:1633219. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1633219. eCollection 2025.
Saliva biomarkers provide a convenient and noninvasive method for diagnosing immune and genetic disorders. One such biomarker is adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2), an enzyme that converts adenosine into inosine and is elevated in cancer and immune diseases. Currently, ADA2 activity can be used to diagnose pleural tuberculosis. Recently, we developed an ELISA assay that detects ADA2 in saliva. This test has been successfully employed to diagnose adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (DADA2) and potentially to identify individuals with head and neck cancer. DADA2 is a rare genetic disease that can lead to systemic vasculitis, early onset stroke, bone marrow failure, and/or immunodeficiency. A rapid, simple, and affordable point-of-care (POC) test would significantly aid in diagnosing DADA2 and facilitate appropriate treatment.
In this study, we created a novel colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip (ICS) containing polyclonal antigen-purified anti-ADA2 antibodies. The ADA2 rapid antigen test (RAT) was calibrated precisely to detect ADA2 in the saliva of healthy individuals, while those with ADA2 deficiency received negative results.
The test successfully confirmed DADA2 in nine patients with different pathogenic mutations in ADA2, while 58 of 59 healthy donors tested positive for ADA2.
The ADA2 rapid antigen test reliably screens patients with autoimmune disorders, accurately diagnosing DADA2. This test can also be used to diagnose pleural tuberculosis or other diseases with significantly elevated ADA2 levels.
唾液生物标志物为诊断免疫和遗传疾病提供了一种便捷且无创的方法。腺苷脱氨酶2（ADA2）就是这样一种生物标志物，它是一种将腺苷转化为次黄苷的酶，在癌症和免疫疾病中水平会升高。目前，ADA2活性可用于诊断胸膜结核。最近，我们开发了一种检测唾液中ADA2的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法。该检测已成功用于诊断腺苷脱氨酶2缺乏症（DADA2），并有可能识别头颈癌患者。DADA2是一种罕见的遗传疾病，可导致系统性血管炎、早发性中风、骨髓衰竭和/或免疫缺陷。一种快速、简单且经济实惠的即时检测（POC）方法将极大地有助于诊断DADA2并促进适当治疗。
在本研究中，我们创建了一种新型的基于胶体金的免疫层析试纸条（ICS），其中含有多克隆抗原纯化的抗ADA2抗体。ADA2快速抗原检测（RAT）经过精确校准，以检测健康个体唾液中的ADA2，而ADA2缺乏症患者检测结果为阴性。
该检测成功确诊了9例ADA2存在不同致病突变的患者患有DADA2，而59名健康供体中有58名ADA2检测呈阳性。
ADA2快速抗原检测能够可靠地筛查自身免疫性疾病患者，准确诊断DADA2。该检测还可用于诊断胸膜结核或其他ADA2水平显著升高的疾病。
