Diab F B, Al-Halim M A Abd, Abdel-Kader M E
Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, 13759, Egypt.
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 12;15(1):32416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11130-7.
This paper explores the explosion behavior of copper wires with diameters between 0.16 mm and 0.50 mm, using an electrothermal discharge system comprising capacitors of total energy up to 1.11 kJ. To improve accuracy, this study incorporates the effects of thermal expansion, resistivity, specific heat capacity, and phase transformation. The variations of the different electrical properties of the copper wires were calculated as a function of the discharge time, wire temperature, and wire diameter. The temperature profile for copper was based on the melting point (1357 K) and boiling point (2835 K). The Shomate equation was used to calculate the specific heat capacity of the copper wires as a function of temperature; while the wire resistivity was determined using a fitting equation based on previous published data. The results indicate that the time needed for wire explosion decreases for the higher charging voltage, while it increases with larger wire diameter. The thermal expansion shows a 9.95% increase in length and a 19.9% increase in cross sectional area. Additionally, as the discharge occurs, the wire temperature rises, causing an increase in both of the specific heat and the wire resistivity. Furthermore, the specific action integral converges to a constant value of approximately 2.1 × 10 A s/cm for all diameters.
本文利用一个总能量高达1.11 kJ的电容器组成的电热放电系统，研究了直径在0.16毫米至0.50毫米之间的铜线的爆炸行为。为提高准确性，本研究考虑了热膨胀、电阻率、比热容和相变的影响。计算了铜线不同电学性质随放电时间、线温度和线直径的变化。铜的温度分布基于熔点（1357 K）和沸点（2835 K）。采用肖马特方程计算铜线的比热容随温度的变化；而线电阻率则根据先前发表的数据用拟合方程确定。结果表明，充电电压越高，线爆炸所需时间越短，而线直径越大，所需时间越长。热膨胀导致长度增加9.95%，横截面积增加19.9%。此外，随着放电发生，线温度升高，导致比热容和线电阻率都增加。此外，对于所有直径，比作用积分收敛到约2.1×10 A·s/cm的恒定值。
