Mohamed Ahmed S, Bhuju Ruchi, Martinez Emelyn, Basta Marina, Deyab Ashrakat, Mansour Charlene, Tejada Daniel, Deshpande Vishal, Elias Sameh, Nagesh Vignesh Krishnan
Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Aug 27;17(17):2795. doi: 10.3390/cancers17172795.
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis, immune regulation, and metabolic processes. Recent evidence has highlighted its significant influence on gastric carcinogenesis. , a well-established class I carcinogen, remains the most prominent microbial risk factor for gastric cancer. However, emerging studies indicate that alterations in the broader gastric and intestinal microbial communities, referred to as dysbiosis, may also contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and immune evasion. These microbial shifts can lead to chronic inflammation, genotoxic metabolite production, and modulation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin. This review explores the current understanding of the gut microbiome's contribution to gastric cancer pathogenesis, including microbial signatures associated with precancerous lesions and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the potential of microbiota-based biomarkers and therapeutic interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, is discussed as part of emerging precision medicine strategies.
肠道微生物群在维持胃肠道稳态、免疫调节和代谢过程中起着关键作用。最近的证据凸显了其对胃癌发生的重大影响。幽门螺杆菌作为一种公认的I类致癌物，仍然是胃癌最主要的微生物危险因素。然而，新出现的研究表明，更广泛的胃和肠道微生物群落的改变，即生态失调，也可能促进肿瘤的起始、进展和免疫逃逸。这些微生物变化可导致慢性炎症、基因毒性代谢产物的产生以及诸如核因子κB和Wnt/β-连环蛋白等信号通路的调节。本综述探讨了目前对肠道微生物群在胃癌发病机制中作用的理解，包括与癌前病变和肿瘤微环境相关的微生物特征。此外，作为新兴精准医学策略的一部分，还讨论了基于微生物群的生物标志物和治疗干预措施的潜力，包括益生菌类、益生元类和粪便微生物群移植。
